Gravitational Binding, Virialization and the Peculiar Velocity Distribution of the Galaxies

We examine the peculiar velocity distribution function of galaxies in cosmological many-body gravitational clustering. Our statistical mechanical approach derives a previous basic assumption and generalizes earlier results to galaxies with haloes. Comparison with the observed peculiar velocity distributions indicates that individual massive galaxies are usually surrounded by their own haloes, rather than being embedded in common haloes. We then derive the density of energy states, giving the probability that a randomly chosen configuration of N galaxies in space is bound and virialized. Gravitational clustering is very efficient. The results agree well with the observed probabilities for finding nearby groups containing N galaxies. A consequence is that our local relatively low mass group is quite typical, and the observed small departures from the local Hubble flow beyond our group are highly probable.Comment: Paper in aastex 5.0 format and 9 figures. Replace a new version with figures and typos correcte

High-Performance Bioinstrumentation for Real-Time Neuroelectrochemical Traumatic Brain Injury Monitoring

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been identified as an important cause of death and severe disability in all age groups and particularly in children and young adults. Central to TBIs devastation is a delayed secondary injury that occurs in 30–40% of TBI patients each year, while they are in the hospital Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Secondary injuries reduce survival rate after TBI and usually occur within 7 days post-injury. State-of-art monitoring of secondary brain injuries benefits from the acquisition of high-quality and time-aligned electrical data i.e., ElectroCorticoGraphy (ECoG) recorded by means of strip electrodes placed on the brains surface, and neurochemical data obtained via rapid sampling microdialysis and microfluidics-based biosensors measuring brain tissue levels of glucose, lactate and potassium. This article progresses the field of multi-modal monitoring of the injured human brain by presenting the design and realization of a new, compact, medical-grade amperometry, potentiometry and ECoG recording bioinstrumentation. Our combined TBI instrument enables the high-precision, real-time neuroelectrochemical monitoring of TBI patients, who have undergone craniotomy neurosurgery and are treated sedated in the ICU. Electrical and neurochemical test measurements are presented, confirming the high-performance of the reported TBI bioinstrumentation

Testing Alternative Theories of the Property Price-Trading Volume Correlation

This article examines the correlation between the real housing price and trading volume. Contrary to the predictions of standard rational expectation models, a robust positive correlation between the two variables is identified. While no clear lead-lag relationship is found in the raw data, which is more consistent with the downpayment effect model, the medium-run component of the trading volume tends to lead (and Granger cause) the corresponding component of the property price, which is more consistent with the search theoretic model. An explanation for this difference in behavior is suggested and several future research directions are provided.

Fostering innovation through cultural change

Purpose: The paper aims to demonstrate a range of approaches to promoting innovative thought and action which can be applied in a variety of organisational contexts. Design/methodology/approach: The paper describes strategies adopted by one large academic library which sought to increase employee engagement and levels of innovation. Included is the background situation, a description of cultural change activities undertaken, information on provision of a suite of practical innovation process tools, and reference to relevant literature. Findings: The leadership framework of RMIT University, and associated developmental opportunities, benefit the library which also offers a tailored developmental programme for its leadership group. Specific purpose groups are used in the library to build capacity and promote cultural change. The library promotes involvement in professional associations and supports innovation through the provision of practical tools and techniques which can be used by staff at all levels. Building an innovative culture is challenging in a large organisation, but sustaining effort over time, utilising a variety of approaches and developing positive sub-cultures among motivated staff have been found to be beneficial. Originality/value: By describing strategies to promote an innovative organisational culture, the paper has originality. Most related library literature addresses specific innovations

Malmquist Indices of Pre and Post-Deregulation Productivity, Efficiency and Technological Change in the Singaporean Banking Sector

By the end of the 1990s, the Singaporean government had recognised the need to open up its banking sector so as to remain competitive in the global economy. The Monetary Authority of Singapore thus began deregulation of the banking sector in 1999 to strengthening the competitiveness of local banks relative to their foreign competition through mergers. This paper employs a nonparametric Malmquist productivity index to provide measure of productivity, technological change and efficiency gains over the period 1995-2005. The findings reveal some total factor productivity growth associated with deregulation and scale efficiency improvement largely from mergers amongst the local banks.Efficiency, productivity; deregulation; Malmquist indices; banking

Managing risk in a four-digit number game

SIAM Review444601-615SIRE

Full W-band MMIC medium power amplifier

A full W-band, MMIC amplifier has been tested on-wafer. The chip delivers 25-43 mW with 6.2±1.2 dB associated large-signal gain across 75-110 GHz when input power is held constant at 8 mW. This is the widest bandwidth MMIC amplifier ever published that delivers at least 25 mW over the entire W-band

Empirical load-line capacitance models for HEMT

Models for describing the gate-source and gate-drain capacitances' variation along a resistive load line have been proposed. They are charge conservative and consistent with the small-signal model at bias points along the load line. The extraction procedure for the models' parameters is fast and intuitive. The models can be implemented easily in most circuit simulator programs

Novel technique of phase velocity equalization for microstrip coupled-line phase shifters

By properly selecting the characteristic impedance and electrical length of the linking line between the coupled lines, phase velocity compensation for microstrip coupled-line phase shifters can be achieved. This technique does not introduce extra element or modification to the coupling in the main coupled lines. It is simple to implement and it has the potential to be used at mm-wave frequencies