Globalization, Adjustment, and Employment Drivers

This study is a comparative analysis of the relative performance of two key industries in the Philippines during the period when the country liberalized trade. These industries are (1) the textile and garments industry and (2) the information and communications technology (ICT)-based industries consisting of the electronics industry and the business process outsourcing (BPO) services sector

Citrullus lanatus subsp. lanatus, naturalizada en la Argentina

The presence of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai subsp. lanatus naturalized in Argentina is recorded for the first time, and its present distribution in the country is precised.Se cita por primera vez la presencia de Citrullus lana tus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai subsp. lanatus como naturalizada en la Argentina y se precisa su actual distribución en el país

Long-term residue removal under tillage decreases amoA-nitrifiers and stimulates nirS-denitrifier groups in the soil

No-till in continuous corn (Zea mays L.) production helps to keep an important volume of residues on the soil surface, creating management challenges that could be alleviated by residue removal for bioenergy or animal use. Crop residues, however, are essential to stimulate microbial nutrient cycling in agroecosystems. Thus, both residue removal and tillage options need to be fully evaluated for their impacts on ecosystem services related to soil health, including microbial N cycling. We explored the main steps of the microbial N cycle in relation to soil properties by using targeted gene abundance as a proxy following over a decade of residue removal in continuous corn systems either under no-till or chisel tillage. We used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for the quantification of phylogenetic groups and functional gene screening of the soil microbial communities, including genes encoding critical enzymes of the microbial N cycle: nifH (N2 fixation), amoA (nitrification – ammonia oxidation), nirK and nirS (denitrification – nitrite reduction), and nosZ (denitrification – nitrous oxide reduction). Our results showed that long-term residue removal and tillage decreased soil organic matter (SOM), water aggregate stability (WAS), and the relative abundance (RA) of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) carrying nitrifying amoA genes. Denitrifiers carrying nirS genes decreased under no-till as crop residue was removed. In addition, our results evidenced strong correlations among soil properties and phylogenetic groups of bacteria, archaea, and fungi. Overall, this study demonstrated limited but definite impacts of residue management and tillage on the soil environment, which could be exacerbated under less resilient conditions.Fil: Kim, N.. University of Illinois; Estados UnidosFil: Riggins, C. W.. University of Illinois; Estados UnidosFil: Rodríguez Zas, S.. University of Illinois; Estados UnidosFil: Zabaloy, Maria Celina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; ArgentinaFil: Villamil, Maria Bonita. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. University of Illinois; Estados Unido

Acidification in corn monocultures favor fungi, ammonia oxidizing bacteria, and nirK-denitrifier groups

Agricultural practices of no-till and crop rotations are critical to counteract the detrimental effects of monocultures and tillage operations on ecosystem services related to soil health such as microbial N cycling. The present study explored the main steps of the microbial N cycle, using targeted gene abundance as a proxy, and concerning soil properties, following 19 and 20 years of crop monocultures and rotations of corn (Zea mays L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], either under no-till or chisel tillage. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was implemented to estimate phylogenetic groups and functional genes related to the microbial N cycle: nifH (N2 fixation), amoA (nitrification) and nirK, nirS, and nosZ (denitrification). Our results indicate that long-term crop rotation and tillage decisions affect soil health as it relates to soil properties and microbial parameters. No-till management increased soil organic matter (SOM), decreased soil pH, and increased copy numbers of AOB (ammonia oxidizing bacteria). Crop rotations with more corn increased SOM, reduced soil pH, reduced AOA (ammonia oxidizing archaea) copy numbers, and increased AOB and fungal ITS copy numbers. NirK denitrifier groups were also enhanced under continuous corn. Altogether, the more corn years included in a crop rotation multiplies the amount of N needed to sustain yield levels, thereby intensifying the N cycle in these systems, potentially leading to acidification, enhanced bacterial nitrification, and creating an environment primed for N losses and increased N2O emissions.Fil: Behnke, G. D.. University of Illinois; Estados UnidosFil: Zabaloy, Maria Celina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; ArgentinaFil: Riggins, C. W.. University of Illinois; Estados UnidosFil: Rodríguez-Zas, S.. University of Illinois; Estados UnidosFil: Huang, L.. University of Illinois; Estados UnidosFil: Villamil, Maria Bonita. University of Illinois; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Veterinary public health services in developing countries: guidelines to restructuring

The veterinary public health (VPH) services comprises several plans of action and serve the purpose for improving and protected human health and well-being wich is essential for the socioeconomic development of populations. The reestructuring of public sector as offerent of health services and the increase in participation of private sector are evident. This paper presents a review of the reestructuring process, its justification and framework (administration, delivery and financing) in developing countries. The direction, restrictions, and the restricted delivery view and its effects on veterinary public health services are evaluated.Los servicios de salud pública veterinaria, se ofrecen en diferentes planos de acción y constituyen un factor de importancia desde el punto de vista de la alimentación humana y de la prevención de las zoonosis. La reestructuración del sector público proveedor de servicios y la participación creciente del sector privado son evidentes. En este artículo se presenta un revisión del tema de la reestructuración, su justificación y marco para ejecutar el proceso (administración, suministro y financiación), con énfasis en países en vía de desarrollo. Se evalúan las directrices del proceso, las restricciones al seguir un enfoque centrado en la oferta y la especial proyección sobre los servicios de salud publica veterinaria

Challenges and perspectives of veterinary public health

This article presents the conceptual basis for veterinary public health-VPH, including historical aspects of its constitution and development, its fields of action, and its current challenges. It also presents a reflection on VPH within the frame of the veterinary services and it finally proposes that education plays a fundamental role in order to face the challenges of a new era.El artículo presenta la conceptualización de la Salud Pública Veterinaria-SPV, involucrando aspectos históricos de su constitución y desarrollo, los campos de acción y los retos actuales. Igualmente presenta una reflexión de la SPV en el marco de la reestructuración de los servicios veterinarios y finalmente plantea como la educación juega un papel determinante para poder enfrentar los retos de una nueva época