Protecting the Kidney in Liver Transplant Recipients: Practice‐Based Recommendations From the American Society of Transplantation Liver and Intestine Community of Practice

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134132/1/ajt13765_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134132/2/ajt13765.pd

Use of parallel erlang density functions to analyze first-pass pulmonary uptake of multiple indicators in dogs

The gamma and Erlang density functions describe a large class of lagged, right-skewed distributions. The Erlang distribution has been shown to be the analytic solution for a chain of compartments with identical rate constants. This relationship makes it useful for the analysis of first-pass pulmonary drug uptake data following intravenous bolus administration and the incorporation of this analysis into an overall systemic drug disposition model. However, others have shown that one Erlang density function characterizes the residence time distribution of solutes in single tissues with significant systematic error. We propose a model of two Erlang density functions in parallel that does characterize well the arterial appearance of indocyanine green, antipyrine, and alfentanil administered simultaneously by right atrial bolus injection. We derive the equations that permit calculation of the higher order moments of a system consisting of two parallel Erlang density functions and use the results of these calculations from the data for all three indicators to estimate pulmonary capillary blood volume and mean transit time in the dog.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45054/1/10928_2006_Article_BF02353481.pd

Superconductivity in the Ferroquadrupolar State in the Quadrupolar Kondo Lattice PrTi2_2Al20_{20}

The cubic compound PrTi$_2$Al$_{20}$ is a quadrupolar Kondo lattice system that exhibits quadrupolar ordering due to the non-Kramers $\Gamma_3$ ground doublet and has strong hybridization between $4f$ and conduction electrons. Our study using high-purity single crystal reveals that PrTi$_2$Al$_{20}$ exhibits type-II superconductivity at $T_{\rm c} = 200$ mK in the nonmagnetic ferroquadrupolar state. The superconducting critical temperature and field phase diagram suggests moderately enhanced effective mass of $m^*/m_0 \sim 16$

Genomic Diversity among Drug Sensitive and Multidrug Resistant Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with Identical DNA Fingerprints

complex (MTBC), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is characterized by low sequence diversity making this bacterium one of the classical examples of a genetically monomorphic pathogen. Because of this limited DNA sequence variation, routine genotyping of clinical MTBC isolates for epidemiological purposes relies on highly discriminatory DNA fingerprinting methods based on mobile and repetitive genetic elements. According to the standard view, isolates exhibiting the same fingerprinting pattern are considered direct progeny of the same bacterial clone, and most likely reflect ongoing transmission or disease relapse within individual patients.We generated 23.9 million (K-1) and 33.0 million (K-2) paired 50 bp purity filtered reads corresponding to a mean coverage of 483.5 fold and 656.1 fold respectively. Compared with the laboratory strain H37Rv both Beijing isolates shared 1,209 SNPs. The two Beijing isolates differed by 130 SNPs and one large deletion. The susceptible isolate had 55 specific SNPs, while the MDR variant had 75 specific SNPs, including the five known resistance-conferring mutations. isolates exhibiting identical DNA fingerprinting patterns can harbour substantial genomic diversity. Because this heterogeneity is not captured by traditional genotyping of MTBC, some aspects of the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis could be missed or misinterpreted. Furthermore, a valid differentiation between disease relapse and exogenous reinfection might be impossible using standard genotyping tools if the overall diversity of circulating clones is limited. These findings have important implications for clinical trials of new anti-tuberculosis drugs