472 research outputs found
Solid-state circuit for spin entanglement generation and purification
We show how realistic charge manipulation and measurement techniques,
combined with the exchange interaction, allow for the robust generation and
purification of four-particle spin entangled states in electrically controlled
semiconductor quantum dots. The generated states are immunized to the dominant
sources of noise via a dynamical decoherence-free subspace; all additional
errors are corrected by a purification protocol. This approach may find
application in quantum computation, communication, and metrology.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures; corrected minor typo
Universality of Uhrig dynamical decoupling for suppressing qubit pure dephasing and relaxation
The optimal -pulse dynamical decoupling discovered by Uhrig for a
spin-boson mmodel [Phys. Rev. Lett, {\bf 98}, 100504 (2007)] is proved to be
universal in suppressing to the pure dephasing or the longitudinal
relaxation of a qubit (or spin-1/2) coupled to a generic bath in a short-time
evolution of duration . It is also found that for the purpose of suppressing
the longitudinal relaxation, an ideal Uhrig -pulse sequence can be
generalized to a sequence consisting of the ideal one superimposed with
finite-duration pulses satisfying certain symmetry requirements.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure
Structure Learning in a Sensorimotor Association Task
Learning is often understood as an organism's gradual acquisition of the association between a given sensory stimulus and the correct motor response. Mathematically, this corresponds to regressing a mapping between the set of observations and the set of actions. Recently, however, it has been shown both in cognitive and motor neuroscience that humans are not only able to learn particular stimulus-response mappings, but are also able to extract abstract structural invariants that facilitate generalization to novel tasks. Here we show how such structure learning can enhance facilitation in a sensorimotor association task performed by human subjects. Using regression and reinforcement learning models we show that the observed facilitation cannot be explained by these basic models of learning stimulus-response associations. We show, however, that the observed data can be explained by a hierarchical Bayesian model that performs structure learning. In line with previous results from cognitive tasks, this suggests that hierarchical Bayesian inference might provide a common framework to explain both the learning of specific stimulus-response associations and the learning of abstract structures that are shared by different task environments
Familiale Lebensführung bei Familien mit Kindern mit Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen
Die aktuelle Situation von Familien mit behinderten Kindern ist gekennzeichnet durch Veränderungen, die mit gesamtgesellschaftlichen Entwicklungen im Zusammenhang stehen. Ausgehend von einer Umbruchsituation in der Gesellschaft hin zur Lebensgestaltung von Individuen hat sich ein familialer Wandel vollzogen, der auch Familien mit Kindern mit Autismus Spektrum Störungen trifft. Die Forschung zum Thema Autismus wird intensiv und breit geführt. Jedoch gibt es bisher wenige Erkenntnisse wie Familien den heutigen Alltag inszenieren, damit sie den Bedürfnissen ihrer Kinder mit Autismus gerecht werden. Zentral bei der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist das Konzept der ‚Familialen Lebensführung‘, anhand dessen die Gestaltungsprozesse der Familie in Hinblick auf Koordination und Synchronisation des Familienlebens, der Ansprüche der einzelnen Familienmitglieder sowie die Organisation von Gemeinsamkeiten aufgezeigt werden. Diese qualitative Studie zeigt mittels episodischer Interviews und deren Auswertung nach der Methode der Qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse auf, dass z.B. durch die Notwendigkeit von Anpassung sowie dem Einsatz von bewussten Strategien zur Planung und Vereinbarkeit der Lebensführungen, sich die Prozesse hinsichtlich der Organisation und Aushandlung des Familienlebens verstärken. Die Ergebnisse führen u.a. zu der Forderung die familiale Lebensführung dieser Familien im Kontext der Unterstützungsleistungen vermehrt zu gewichten
Influence of local fullerene orientation on the electronic properties of A3C60 compounds
We have investigated sodium containing fullerene superconductors Na2AC60, A =
Cs, Rb, and K, by Na-23 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy at 7.5 T
in the temperature range of 10 to 400 K. Despite the structural differences
from the Rb3C60 class of fullerene superconductors, in these compounds the NMR
line of the tetrahedrally coordinated alkali nuclei also splits into two lines
(T and T') at low temperature. In Na2CsC60 the splitting occurs at 170 K; in
the quenched cubic phase of Na2RbC60 and Na2KC60 we observe split lines at 80
K. Detailed investigations of the spectrum, spin-spin and spin-lattice
relaxation as well as spin-echo double resonance (SEDOR) in Na2CsC60 we show
that these two different tetrahedral sites are mixed on a microscopic scale.
The T and T' sites differ in the orientation of first-neighbor C60 molecules.
We present evidence that the orientations of neighboring molecules are
uncorrelated. Thermally activated molecular reorientations cause an exchange
between the T and T' sites and motional narrowing at high temperature. We infer
the same activation energy, 3300 K, in the temperature range 125 to 300 K. The
spin lattice relaxation rate is the same for T and T' down to 125 K but
different below. Both the spin-lattice relaxation rate and Knight shift are
strongly temperature dependent in the whole range investigated. We interpret
this temperature variation by the effect of phonon excitations involving the
rigid librational motion of the C60 molecules. By extending the understanding
of the structure and molecular dynamics of C60 superconductors, these results
may help in clarifying the effects of the structure on the superconducting
properties.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures, submitted to PR
Controlling coherence using the internal structure of hard pi pulses
The tiny difference between hard pi pulses and their delta-function
approximation can be exploited to control coherence. Variants on the magic echo
that work despite a large spread in resonance offsets are demonstrated using
the zeroth- and first-order average Hamiltonian terms, for 13-C NMR in C60. The
29-Si NMR linewidth of Silicon has been reduced by a factor of about 70,000
using this approach, which also has potential applications in magnetic
resonance microscopy and imaging of solids.Comment: 4 pages, 4 color figure
Long-lived memory for mesoscopic quantum bits
We describe a technique to create long-lived quantum memory for quantum bits
in mesoscopic systems. Specifically we show that electronic spin coherence can
be reversibly mapped onto the collective state of the surrounding nuclei. The
coherent transfer can be efficient and fast and it can be used, when combined
with standard resonance techniques, to reversibly store coherent superpositions
on the time scale of seconds. This method can also allow for ``engineering''
entangled states of nuclear ensembles and efficiently manipulating the stored
states. We investigate the feasibility of this method through a detailed
analysis of the coherence properties of the system.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
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