3,513 research outputs found
Theory of superexchange in CuO2
Journal ArticleThe limit method allows exact analysis of low-lying electronic states in a strong-coupling model Cu02 plane. We extend it to nonorthogonal orbitals and fit to a t-t'-J model. The superexchange parameter is J = g32t*, with the unit of energy and g3 a lumped parameter
When Imagining Yourself in Pain, Visual Perspective Matters : The Neural and Behavioral Correlates of Simulated Sensory Experiences
Ā© 2015 Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyPeer reviewedPublisher PD
Bulky household waste management in a UK local authority area: current practice, challenges and improvement opportunities
Charnwood Borough Council (CBC), an English local authority, recently introduced a Zero Waste Strategy encompassing targets for waste minimisation and recycling of household waste above UK Government baselines. To achieve these targets various areas of household waste management need to be amended to improve recycling performance. The bulky waste collection service, collecting large items such as furniture and electrical goods was identified as an area to target for improvement. A case study approach was adopted using data collected on a daily basis by CBC to quantify the number and type of items in the bulky waste stream. Current practices of managing bulky household waste are explored; identifying challenges in dealing with this waste stream such as financial and logistical challenges in identifying, collecting, repairing and storage. However, there is potential to increase recycling of some discarded items, particularly the large numbers of mattresses and some wooden furniture unsuitable for reuse
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Household waste management practices in Charnwood borough, England
Household waste recycling rates vary between 20-60% across the UK. Legislative and financial measures introduced to reduce landfill disposal of waste in the UK, have impacted on the way Local Authorities operate their household waste and recycling collection services. This paper reports on the performance of Charnwood Borough Council (CBC), a Local Authority in England, it is responsible for the collection and recycling of waste from 67,000 households. This service is carried out by a private company, Serco, who operate household waste collections for 15 UK Local Authorities. To improve recycling performance CBC has changed the collection frequency and increased the number of materials segregated from residual waste for recovery. There have also been actions and campaigns to raise public awareness. Together these have improved recycling and composting rates in the CBC area from 16% in 2002/03 to 46.1% in 2010/11. This paper is a case study and progress report on the details of how this was achieved. It compares performance with other Local Authorities, explores the impact of local operational and policy issues on the amount of household waste collected for recycling. The research has concluded that differences in how the household waste services were provided and local policies influenced the amount of recyclates recovered. Local decision making and the ability to tailor services to suit different demographic areas, together with partnerships between neighbouring Authorities supported better sustainable waste management
Thermodynamically consistent equilibrium properties of normal-liquid Helium-3
The high-precision data for the specific heat C_{V}(T,V) of normal-liquid
Helium-3 obtained by Greywall, taken together with the molar volume V(T_0,P) at
one temperature T_0, are shown to contain the complete thermodynamic
information about this phase in zero magnetic field. This enables us to
calculate the T and P dependence of all equilibrium properties of normal-liquid
Helium-3 in a thermodynamically consistent way for a wide range of parameters.
The results for the entropy S(T,P), specific heat at constant pressure
C_P(T,P), molar volume V(T,P), compressibility kappa(T,P), and thermal
expansion coefficient alpha(T,P) are collected in the form of figures and
tables. This provides the first complete set of thermodynamically consistent
values of the equilibrium quantities of normal-liquid Helium-3. We find, for
example, that alpha(T,P) has a surprisingly intricate pressure dependence at
low temperatures, and that the curves alpha(T,P) vs T do not cross at one
single temperature for all pressures, in contrast to the curves presented in
the comprehensive survey of helium by Wilks.
Corrected in cond-mat/9906222v3: The sign of the coefficient d_0 was
misprinted in Table I of cond-mat/9906222v1 and v2. It now correctly reads
d_0=-7.1613436. All results in the paper were obtained with the correct value
of d_0. (We would like to thank for E. Collin, H. Godfrin, and Y. Bunkov for
finding this misprint.)Comment: 19 pages, 19 figures, 9 tables; published version; note added in
proof; v3: misprint correcte
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TeacherāStudent Dialogue During Classroom Teaching: Does It Really Impact on Student Outcomes?
It is now widely believed that classroom dialogue matters as regards student outcome, with optimal patterns often regarded as requiring some or all of: open questions; elaboration of previous contributions; reasoned discussion of competing viewpoints; linkage and coordination across contributions; meta-cognitive engagement with dialogue; high student participation. To date however, the relevance of such features has been most convincingly examined in relation to small-group interaction amongst students; little is known about applicability to teacher-student dialogue. The paper reports a large-scale study that permits some rebalancing. The study revolves around the two lessons (covering two of mathematics, literacy and science) that were video-recorded in each of 72 demographically diverse classrooms (students aged 10-11 years). Key measures of teacher-student dialogue were related to six indices of student outcome, which jointly covered curriculum mastery, reasoning, and educationally relevant attitudes. Prior attainment and attitudes were considered in analyses as were other factors, e.g. student demographics and further aspects of classroom practice, that might confound interpretation of dialogue-outcome relations. So long as students participated extensively, elaboration and querying of previous contributions were found to be positively associated with curriculum mastery, and elaboration was also positively associated with attitudes.ESR
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Dialogic practices in primary school classrooms
Research into classroom dialogue suggests that certain forms are especially productive for studentsā learning (Howe and Abedin, 2013). Despite the large number of studies in this area, there is inadequate evidence about the prevalence of the identified forms, let alone their productivity. However, scarcity is widely presumed. The overall aim of the study reported in this paper was to examine the extent to which the forms are embedded within current practice in UK primary schools. Video-recordings of two lessons from each of 36 classrooms formed the database, with two subjects from mathematics, English and science covered in each classroom. Each lesson was coded per turn for the presence of ādialogic movesā and rated overall for the level of student involvement in specified activities. Results revealed that the supposedly productive forms were not always as scarce as sometimes presumed, while also highlighting huge variation in their relative occurrence. They also point to the role of professional development for teachers in promoting use of some forms
Biphasic Modulation of NOS Expression, Protein and Nitrite Products by Hydroxocobalamin Underlies Its Protective Effect in Endotoxemic Shock: Downstream Regulation of COX-2, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and HMGB1 Expression
Background. NOS/ā¢NO inhibitors are potential therapeutics for sepsis, yet they increase clinical mortality. However, there has been no in vivo investigation of the (in vitro) ā¢NO scavenger, cobalaminās (Cbl) endogenous effects on NOS/ā¢NO/inflammatory mediators during the immune response to sepsis. Methods. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), ELISA, Western blot, and NOS Griess assays, in a C57BL/6 mouse, acute endotoxaemia model. Results. During the immune response, pro-inflammatory phase, parenteral hydroxocobalamin (HOCbl) treatment partially inhibits hepatic, but not lung, iNOS mRNA and promotes lung eNOS mRNA, but attenuates the LPS hepatic rise in eNOS mRNA, whilst paradoxically promoting high iNOS/eNOS protein translation, but relatively moderate ā¢NO production. HOCbl/NOS/ā¢NO regulation is reciprocally associated with lower 4āh expression of TNF-Ī±, IL-1Ī², COX-2, and lower circulating TNF-Ī±, but not IL-6. In resolution, 24āh after LPS, HOCbl completely abrogates a major late mediator of sepsis mortality, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) mRNA, inhibits iNOS mRNA, and attenuates LPS-induced hepatic inhibition of eNOS mRNA, whilst showing increased, but still moderate, NOS activity, relative to LPS only. experiments (LPS+D-Galactosamine) HOCbl afforded significant, dose-dependent protection in
mice Conclusions. HOCbl produces a complex, time- and organ-dependent, selective regulation of NOS/ā¢NO during endotoxaemia, corollary regulation of downstream inflammatory mediators, and increased survival. This merits clinical evaluation
Spectrum of surface-mode contributions to the excitation probability for electron beam interacting with sharp-edged dielectric wedges
The interaction of a nonrelativistic charged particle beam, travelling
parallel to the surface of a sharp-edged dielectric wedge is analyzed. The
general expressions for excitation probability are obtained for a beam moving
along the direction of a symmetry axis, either outside or inside the dielectric
wedge. The dielectric function of the medium is assumed to be isotropic, and
numerical results are given for the materials of experimental interest.Comment: LaTeX 2.09, 15 pages, 10 figure
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