27,850 research outputs found
Consistency Conditions for Brane Worlds in Arbitrary Dimensions
We consider ``brane world sum rules'' for compactifications involving an
arbitrary number of spacetime dimensions. One of the most striking results
derived from such consistency conditions is the necessity for negative tension
branes to appear in five--dimensional scenarios. We show how this result is
easily evaded for brane world models with more than five dimensions. As an
example, we consider a novel realization of the Randall--Sundrum scenario in
six dimensions involving only positive tension branes.Comment: 18 pages, LaTex, refs. adde
Robust Quantum Communication Using A Polarization-Entangled Photon Pair
Noise and imperfection of realistic devices are major obstacles for
implementing quantum cryptography. In particular birefringence in optical
fibers leads to decoherence of qubits encoded in polarization of photon. We
show how to overcome this problem by doing single qubit quantum communication
without a shared spatial reference frame and precise timing. Quantum
information will be encoded in pair of photons using ``tag'' operations which
corresponds to the time delay of one of the polarization modes. This method is
robust against the phase instability of the interferometers despite the use of
time-bins. Moreover synchronized clocks are not required in the ideal situation
no photon loss case as they are only necessary to label the different encoded
qubits.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Ultraviolet modifications of dispersion relations in effective field theory
The existence of a fundamental ultraviolet scale, such as the Planck scale,
may lead to modifications of the dispersion relations for particles at high
energies, in some scenarios of quantum gravity. We apply effective field theory
to this problem and identify dimension 5 operators that do not mix with
dimensions 3 and 4 and lead to cubic modifications of dispersion relations for
scalars, fermions, and vector particles. Further we show that, for electrons,
photons and light quarks, clock comparison experiments bound these operators at
10^{-5}/Mpl.Comment: Version to appear in Phys.Rev.Let
PNJL model for adjoint fermions
Recent work on QCD-like theories has shown that the addition of adjoint
fermions obeying periodic boundary conditions to gauge theories on R^3 X S^1
can lead to a restoration of center symmetry and confinement for sufficiently
small circumference L of S^1. At small L, perturbation theory may be used
reliably to compute the effective potential for the Polyakov loop P in the
compact direction. Periodic adjoint fermions act in opposition to the gauge
fields, which by themselves would lead to a deconfined phase at small L. In
order for the fermionic effects to dominate gauge field effects in the
effective potential, the fermion mass must be sufficiently small. This
indicates that chiral symmetry breaking effects are potentially important. We
develop a Polyakov-Nambu-Jona Lasinio (PNJL) model which combines the known
perturbative behavior of adjoint QCD models at small L with chiral symmetry
breaking effects to produce an effective potential for the Polyakov loop P and
the chiral order parameter psi-bar psi. A rich phase structure emerges from the
effective potential. Our results are consistent with the recent lattice
simulations of Cossu and D'Elia, which found no evidence for a direct
connection between the small-L and large-L confining regions. Nevertheless, the
two confined regions are connected indirectly if an extended field theory model
with an irrelevant four-fermion interaction is considered. Thus the small-L and
large-L regions are part of a single confined phase.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures; presented at INPC 201
Surface tension in a compressible liquid-drop model: Effects on nuclear density and neutron skin thickness
We examine whether or not the surface tension acts to increase the nucleon
density in the nuclear interior within a compressible liquid-drop model. We
find that it depends on the density dependence of the surface tension, which
may in turn be deduced from the neutron skin thickness of stable nuclei.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, to be published in Physical Review
- …