Rapid In Vitro Multiplication of Non-Runnering \u3cem\u3eFragaria vesca\u3c/em\u3e Genotypes from Seedling Shoot Axillary Bud Explants

Fragaria vesca L. has become a model species for genomic studies relevant to important crop plant species in the Rosaceae family, but generating large numbers of plants from non-runner-producing genotypes is slow. To develop a protocol for the rapid generation of plants, leaf explants were compared to single axillary bud shoot explants, both from in vitro-grown Fragaria vesca seedlings, as sources of shoots for new plant production in response to benzyladenine (BA) or thidiazuron (TDZ) combined with indolebutyric acid (IBA) on Murashige and Skoog’s Basal Salt (MS) medium. BA at 2.0 and 4.0 mg L−1 and TDZ at 1.5 mg L−1 promoted the greatest number of shoots produced per shoot explant. There were no IBA effects or IBA interactions with BA or TDZ. Significant interactions between BA and IBA, but not TDZ and IBA, occurred in leaf explant callus formation and % explants with callus at 6 and 9 weeks of culture and on shoots per leaf explant at 9 weeks. TDZ treatments produced uniformly high levels of callus but low numbers of shoots. The treatment generating the most shoot production was BA at 4.0 mg L−1 plus IBA at 0.50 mg L−1. After 9 weeks of culture, leaf explants of the non-runner-producing genotype Baron Solemacher had generated 4.6 shoots per explant with the best treatment, while axillary bud explants had generated 30.8 shoots with the best treatment. Thus, in vitro culture of shoot axillary bud explants can generate high numbers of clonal shoots from a single seedling plant in vitro

EPIdemiology of Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury (EPIS-AKI) : Study protocol for a multicentre, observational trial

More than 300 million surgical procedures are performed each year. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after major surgery and is associated with adverse short-term and long-term outcomes. However, there is a large variation in the incidence of reported AKI rates. The establishment of an accurate epidemiology of surgery-associated AKI is important for healthcare policy, quality initiatives, clinical trials, as well as for improving guidelines. The objective of the Epidemiology of Surgery-associated Acute Kidney Injury (EPIS-AKI) trial is to prospectively evaluate the epidemiology of AKI after major surgery using the latest Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) consensus definition of AKI. EPIS-AKI is an international prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study including 10 000 patients undergoing major surgery who are subsequently admitted to the ICU or a similar high dependency unit. The primary endpoint is the incidence of AKI within 72 hours after surgery according to the KDIGO criteria. Secondary endpoints include use of renal replacement therapy (RRT), mortality during ICU and hospital stay, length of ICU and hospital stay and major adverse kidney events (combined endpoint consisting of persistent renal dysfunction, RRT and mortality) at day 90. Further, we will evaluate preoperative and intraoperative risk factors affecting the incidence of postoperative AKI. In an add-on analysis, we will assess urinary biomarkers for early detection of AKI. EPIS-AKI has been approved by the leading Ethics Committee of the Medical Council North Rhine-Westphalia, of the Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster and the corresponding Ethics Committee at each participating site. Results will be disseminated widely and published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at conferences and used to design further AKI-related trials. Trial registration number NCT04165369

Potenzialità autodepurative di una zona umida costiera e ipotesi di trattamento terziario dei reflui civili.

Applying a field monitoring of parameters such as COD, BOD5 and NH3 and a plug & flow mathematical model, the water balance and the intrinsic nutrient abatement capacity was evaluated at Torre Flavia wetland. The strong water stress, mainly due to the large urbanization, can be avoided using the wetland as tertiary treatment of the wastewater treated at the Ladispoli treatment plant that actually discharge into the sea

Study on the use of NADH fluorescence measurements for monitoring wastewater treatment systems

Fluorescence measurement of intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) provides information about the physiological response of microbes towards changing conditions in their environment and has been suggested to be useful for the control of wastewater treatment plants. In this study, the practical usefulness of such measurements was evaluated from batch experiments with a commercially available NADH sensor in a bench scale reactor. The sensor was linear in the NADH concentration, robust, almost maintenance free, and hardly sensitive to floc size distribution. Measured fluorescence intensity proved to depend strongly on the concentration of active heterotrophic biomass. The NADH level was supposed to be dependent on the ratio of electron donor/electron acceptor availability inside the cells; however, neither acetate nor ammonium addition was reflected by the measurement signal. A jump wise NADH signal change was observed at complete oxygen or nitrate depletion as also reflected by bends in the redox curve. In the near zero concentration ranges of oxygen and nitrate (0.1-0.5mg/l) the signal changes only slightly in the opposite direction to the redox trend. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

The Non-Linear Stability of Front Solutions for Parabolic Partial Differential Equations

. For the Ginzburg-Landau equation and similar reaction-diffusion equations on the line, we show convergence of complex perturbations of front solutions towards the front solutions, by exhibiting a coercive functional. - 2 - 1. Introduction and Statement of Results In this paper, we study partial differential equations of the form @ t u = @ 2 x u + uF (juj) ; (1:1) u = u(x; t), with t ? 0, x 2 R, and u taking complex values. We assume F (0) ? 0, F (a) = 0, for a ? 0, and without loss of generality we consider only the case a = 1. A front solution of (1.1) is a solution u of the form u(x; t) = f(x \Gamma ct) 2 R, c ? 0, with lim x!1 f(x) = 0, lim x!\Gamma1 f(x) = 1. The most studied equation of this type is the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) equation (or Newell-Whitehead equation) where F (i) = 1 \Gamma i 2 . Our aim is to study the stability of such fronts for initial data u 0 which are small, complex perturbations of the front f of the form u 0 (x) = f(x) \Gamma 1 + r 0 (x) \Delta..