7,060 research outputs found
The damping of gravitational waves in dust
We examine a simple model of interaction of gravitational waves with matter
(primarily represented by dust). The aim is to investigate a possible damping
effect on the intensity of gravitational wave when passing through media. This
might be important for gravitational wave astronomy when the sources are
obscured by dust or molecular clouds.Comment: 7 pages, accepted to Phys. Sc
Effect of fuel properties on performance of a single aircraft turbojet combustor
The performance of a single-can JT8D combustor was investigated with a number of fuels exhibiting wide variations in chemical composition and volatility. Performance parameters investigated were combustion efficiency, emissions of CO, unburned hydrocarbons and NOx, as well as liner temperatures and smoke. At the simulated idle condition no significant differences in performance were observed. At cruise, liner temperatures and smoke increased sharply with decreasing hydrogen content of the fuel. No significant differences were observed in the performance of an oil-shale derived JP-5 and a petroleum-based Jet A fuel except for emissions of NOx which were higher with the oil-shale JP-5. The difference is attributed to the higher concentration of fuel-bound nitrogen in the oil-shale JP-5
Notes on Spinoptics in a Stationary Spacetime
In arXiv:1105.5629, equations of the modified geometrical optics for
circularly polarized photon trajectories in a stationary spacetime are derived
by using a (1+3)-decomposed form of Maxwell's equations. We derive the same
results by using a four-dimensional covariant description. In our procedure,
the null nature of the modified photon trajectory naturally appears and the
energy flux is apparently null. We find that, in contrast to the standard
geometrical optics, the inner product of the stationary Killing vector and the
tangent null vector to the modified photon trajectory is no longer a conserved
quantity along light paths. This quantity is furthermore different for left and
right handed photon. A similar analysis is performed for gravitational waves
and an additional factor of 2 appears in the modification due to the spin-2
nature of gravitational waves.Comment: 15 pages, to appear in PR
Choked flow of fluid nitrogen with emphasis on the thermodynamic critical region
Experimental measurements of critical flow rate and pressure ratio for nitrogen flowing through a nozzle are presented. Data for selected stagnation isotherms from 87.5 to 234 K with pressures to 9.3 MN/m2 are compared to an equilibrium model with real fluid properties and also a nonequilibrium model. Critical flow pressure ratio along an isotherm tends to peak while the flow rate indicates an inflection. The point is closely associated with the transposed critical temperature and represents a change in the fluid structure
Order-disorder transitions in a sheared many body system
Motivated by experiments on sheared suspensions that show a transition
between ordered and disordered phases, we here study the long-time behavior of
a sheared and overdamped 2-d system of particles interacting by repulsive
forces. As a function of interaction strength and shear rate we find
transitions between phases with vanishing and large single-particle diffusion.
In the phases with vanishing single-particle diffusion, the system evolves
towards regular lattices, usually on very slow time scales. Different lattices
can be approached, depending on interaction strength and forcing amplitude. The
disordered state appears in parameter regions where the regular lattices are
unstable. Correlation functions between the particles reveal the formation of
shear bands. In contrast to single particle densities, the spatially resolved
two-particle correlation functions vary with time and allow to determine the
phase within a period. As in the case of the suspensions, motion in the state
with low diffusivity is essentially reversible, whereas in the state with
strong diffusion it is not.Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures; Supplemental Movies:
https://youtu.be/oFcrWo9Vs6E, https://youtu.be/tcowb7o05JQ,
https://youtu.be/GkEUwycn7V4, https://youtu.be/k-XCo8CWFU
Heat transfer in a 60 deg half-angle of convergence nozzle with various degrees of roughness
Heat transfer in convergent-divergent nozzles with different values of wall roughnes
A variable-geometry combustor used to study primary and secondary zone stoichiometry
A combustion program is underway to evaluate fuel quality effects on gas turbine combustors. A rich-lean variable geometry combustor design was chosen to evaluate fuel quality effects over a wide range of primary and secondary zone equivalence ratios at simulated engine operating conditions. The first task of this effort, was to evaluate the performance of the variable geometry combustor. The combustor incorporates three stations of variable geometry to control primary and secondary zone equivalence ratio and overall pressure loss. Geometry changes could be made while a test was in progress through the use of remote control actuators. The primary zone liner was water cooled to eliminate the concern of liner durability. Emissions and performance data were obtained at simulated engine conditions of 80 percent and full power. Inlet air temperature varied from 611 to 665K, inlet total pressure varied from 1.02 to 1.24 MPa, reference velocity was a constant 1400 K
Materials review for improved automotive gas turbine engine
The potential role of superalloys, refractory alloys, and ceramics in the hottest sections of engines operating with turbine inlet temperatures as high as 1370 C is examined. The convential superalloys, directionally solidified eutectics, oxide dispersion strenghened alloys, and tungsten fiber reinforced superalloys are reviewed and compared on the basis of maximum turbine blade temperature capability. Improved high temperature protective coatings and special fabrication techniques for these advanced alloys are discussed. Chromium, columbium, molybdenum, tantalum, and tungsten alloys are also reviewed. Molbdenum alloys are found to be the most suitable for mass produced turbine wheels. Various forms and fabrication processes for silicon nitride, silicon carbide, and SIALON's are investigated for use in highstress and medium stress high temperature environments
Prediction of local and integrated heat transfer in nozzles using an integral turbulent boundary layer method
An empirical modification of an existing integral energy turbulent boundary layer method is proposed in order to improve the estimates of local heat transfer in converging-diverging nozzles and consequently, provide better assessments of the total or integrated heat transfer. The method involves the use of a modified momentum-heat analogy which includes an acceleration term comprising the nozzle geometry and free stream velocity. The original and modified theories are applied to heat transfer data from previous studies which used heated air in 30 deg - 15 deg, 45 deg - 15 deg, and 60 deg - 15 deg water-cooled nozzles
On the Asymptotic Stability of De-Sitter Spacetime: a non-linear perturbative approach
We derive evolution and constraint equations for second order perturbations
of flat dust homogeneous and isotropic solutions to the Einstein field
equations using all scalar, vector and tensor perturbation modes. We show that
the perturbations decay asymptotically in time and that the solutions converge
to the De-Sitter solution. By induction, this result is valid for perturbations
of arbitrary order. This is in agreement with the cosmic no-hair conjecture of
Gibbons and Hawking.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figure
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