196 research outputs found
The role of tension-compression asymmetry of the plastic flow on ductility and damage accumulation of porous polycrystals
The influence of the tension-compression asymmetry of the plastic flow, due to intrinsic single-crystal deformation mechanisms, on porosity evolution and the overall ductility of voided metallic polycrystals is assessed. To this end, detailed micromechanical finite-element analyses of three-dimensional unit cells containing a single initially spherical cavity are carried out. The plastic flow of the matrix (fully-dense material) is described by a criterion that accounts for strength-differential effects induced by deformation twinning of the constituent grains of the metallic polycrystalline materials. The dilatational response of porous polycrystals are calculated for macroscopic axisymmetric tensile loadings corresponding to a fixed value of the stress triaxiality and the two possible values of the Lode parameter. It is shown that damage accumulation, and ultimately ductility of the porous polycrystals are markedly different as compared to the case when the matrix is governed by von Mises criterion. Most importantly, a direct correlation is established between the macroscopic material parameter k that is intimately related to the particularities of the plastic flow of the matrix and the rate of damage accumulation. (C) 2017 Portuguese Society of Materials (SPM). Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U.. All rights reserved.The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) via the project PTDC/EMETEC/1805/2012.This work has been supported by FCT (Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia) in the scope of the project UID/EEA/04436/2013.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Antibiotic therapy in the treatment of acute otitis media
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, District Hospital of Orhei, the Republic of Moldova, Department of Pharmacology, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, RomaniaBackground: Acute otitis media is an infection of abrupt onset that usually presents with ear pain. Worldwide acute otitis media affects about 8-11% of people a year. In acute otitis media, antibiotics may speed recovery but may result in side effects. Antibiotics are often recommended in those with severe disease or under two years old. Material and methods: Our study included a retrospective analysis of 117 patients with acute otitis media, whose medical records were examined. The information was analyzed statistically. Results: The results demonstrated an increased involvement of older people and women. The use of antibiotics to treat acute otitis media is determined by Cefazolin in 49-50% cases, Ceftriaxone - 49%, Cefotaxime β 48%, Cefoperazone β 14%, Amoxicillini Clavulanic acid in 16% of cases. Antibiogram was released for 53 patients, and according to it: Cefazolin β 23%, Amoxicilini Clavulanic acid β 15% and the rest were treated with cephalosporin third generation. Conclusions: Depending on severity, the treatment requires the use of antibiotics with broad spectrum. Antibacterial therapy according to antibiogram is contemporary and has the advantage of assessing the appropriate antibiotic
On the effect of the ratio between the yield stresses in shear and in uniaxial tension on forming of isotropic materials
It is generally believed that the choice of the yield criterion used to describe the plastic behaviour of isotropic metallic materials does not affect much the accuracy of the predictions of forming operations. For this reason, the von Mises yield criterion is used for modelling the plastic behaviour. However, according to the von Mises yield criterion, irrespective of the material, the ratio between the yield stresses in simple shear and in uniaxial tension is the same. In this paper, it is presented a numerical study which reveals that even for one of the simplest deep drawing processes, namely the forming of a cylindrical cup, the yielding description influences the predictions of the plastic strains and the final profile of the part. For the description of yielding, an isotropic yield criterion which allows to differentiate between isotropic materials was used. Specifically, this yield criterion involves a parameter Ξ± which is expressible solely in terms of the ratio between the yield stresses in shear and in uniaxial tension; for Ξ± = 0 it reduces to the von Mises yield criterion. The results of the numerical study are revealing and are believed to provide a new point of view when considering material requirements for drawing performance and models to be used for prediction of the plastic behaviour in deep-drawing processes. From the analysis of the loading paths that the materials experience during the forming of the cup, it appears that the prevalent belief that the yielding properties in the tension-tension quadrant of the yield surface dictate the final profile should be reconsidered. Indeed, the simulations results indicate that for isotropic materials characterized by Ξ± > 0 (ΟT/ΟY> β 3), the cup height is greater than for a von Mises material (Ξ± = 0), which is higher than the one obtained for materials with Ξ± < 0 (ΟT/ΟY< β 3), i.e. lower values of the ratio between the yield stresses in shear and in uniaxial tension lead to greater cup heights. It is shown that this is mainly related to the plastic deformation of the material initially located in the flange region, which is dictated by the shape of the yield surface in the compression-tension quadrant (i.e. normal to the yield surface in the region between uniaxial compression and pure shear stress states).The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the projects with reference PTDC/EME-EME/30592/2017 (POCI01β0145-FEDER-030592) and PTDC/EME-EME/31243/2017 (POCI01β0145-FEDER-031243) and by UE/FEDER through the program COMPETE2020 under the project MATIS (CENTRO-01β0145-FEDER000014) and UIDB/00285/2020. JLA and NC gratefully acknowledge partial support for this work from the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under contract FA8651β08-D-0108/52
ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄-, ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°- ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅
Catedra Anesteziologie Εi Reanimatologie nr. 2, USMF βNicolae TestemiΕ£anuβThe purpose of this article is an informative analysis of the efficiency of prophylaxis of the pulmonary artery trombembolism. Out of 627 patients
monitored, 473 had the benefit of a perioperatory tromboprophylaxis, while the other 154 patients got only a postoperatory tromboprophylaxis.
The incidence of pulmonary artery trombembolism is 0.48%, this result refers only to patients operated on urgently. The incidence of lethal
cases is 0.16%. Pulmonary artery trombembolism incidence varies depending on the combination of predisposing factors. We studied several
combined methods of prophylaxis. Priority was the combination of mechanical methods (application of elastic bandages on the legs) with low
molecular mass heparins. From observation of the study we determined an increased efficiency using the combination of mechanical methods
with Enoxoparine (Klexan) in tromboprophylaxis of patients with moderate and high risk of pulmonary artery trombembolism. The priorities
of Enoxoparine, to other low molecular weight heparins do not require the determination of bleeding and clotting time during administration.
Also there was no change in platelet count in patients receiving Enoxoparine.Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄-,
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°- ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅. ΠΠ· 627 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², 473 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°
ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄-, ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°- ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅, 154 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ - ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅.
ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ - 0,48%, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΊ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π²
ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ΅. Π‘ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ 0,16% Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² (ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ° Π½Π°
Π½ΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ
) Ρ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (Klexan) Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ
ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ
Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½
Neuron-glia crosstalk mediate the neurotoxic effects of ketamine via extracellular vesicles
Background: General anesthetics (GA) are associated with neurodevelopmental abnormalities including cell death, cognitive and behavioral changes. There is now powerful evidence for non-cell autonomous mechanisms in almost every pathological condition in the brain, especially relevant to glial cells, mainly astrocytes and microglia, that exhibit structural and functional contacts with neurons. These interactions were recently reported to occur via the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here, we employed primary human neural cells to analyze ketamine effects focusing on the functions of glial cells and their polarization/differentiation state. We also explored the roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and different components of the BDNF pathway.
Methods: Ketamine effects were analyzed on human neuronal and glial cell proliferation and apoptosis and astrocytic (A1/A2 ) and microglial (M1/M2) cell activation were analyzed. The impact of the neuron-glial cell interactions in the neurotoxic effects of ketamine was analyzed using transwell co-cultures. The role of the brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway, was analyzed using RT-PCR, ELISA western blot and gene silencing. EVs secreted by ketamine-treated cells were isolated, characterized and analyzed for their effects in neuron-glia cell interactions. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance or a Student\u27s t test with correction for data sets with unequal variances.
Results: Ketamine induced neuronal and oligodendrocytic cell apoptosis and promoted the expression of proinflammatory astrocytes (A1) and microglia (M1) phenotypes. Astrocytes and microglia enhanced the neurotoxic effects of ketamine on neuronal cells, whereas neurons increased oligodendrocyte cell death. Ketamine modulated different components in the BDNF pathway: decreasing BDNF secretion in neurons and astrocytes while increasing the expression of p75 in neurons and oligodendrocytes. In addition, ketamine treatment increased the lncRNA BDNF-AS levels and the secretion of pro-BDNF secretion. We found an important role of EVs secreted by ketamine-treated astrocytes in neuronal cell death by delivering BDNF-AS.
Conclusions: Ketamine neurotoxicity involves both autonomous and non-cell autonomous mechanisms andomponents of the BDNF pathway expressed by neurons and glial cells represent major regulators of ketamine effects. We demonstrated for the first time a role of EVs as important mediators of ketamine effects by the delivery of specific non-coding RNAs. These results may contribute to a better understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying ketamine neurotoxic effects in humans and to the development of potential approaches to decrease its neurodevelopmental impact
ΠΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅
Department of Cardiac Emergency and Rhythm Disorders, Institute of CardiologyCardiac sarcoidosis is a rare but potentially fatal condition that can mimic more common conditions. Recent advances in imaging technology that allow
easier detection of cardiac involvement confirm that minimally symptomatic or asymptomatic cardiac involvement is far more prevalent than previously
thought. Often the first manifestation of cardiac sarcoidosic is sudden death or a cardiac arrest. Because of the potential life-threatening complications
and potential benefit of treatment, all patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis should be screened for cardiac involvement. We studied a 57 year old female
patient with acute onset of this illness manifested by recurrent ventricular arrhythmias and progressive heart failure. We confirmed cardiac involvement by
magnetic resonance imaging after discovering characteristic mediastinal lymphadenopathy at the high-resolution computed tomography. Corticosteroid
treatment and the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator improved the long-term clinical condition. At the end of the 8th month of supervision the patient
retained her asymptomatic clinical condition.ΠΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΏΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°. Π’Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ· ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ΅.
ΠΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½
ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈ, 57 Π»Π΅Ρ, Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π·Π΅, Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π°, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°, Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ
ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ
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