Introduccion al estudio de la fecundidad

Incluye BibliografíaLos metodos se presentan de acuerdo a la fuente de obtencion de los datos, aquellos que provienen de estadisticas vitales y censos de poblacion y aquellos derivados exclusivamente de informacion censal. En cada caso, la presentacion analitica es ilustrada con ejemplos numericos de paises latinoamericanos. Entre los metodos, se dedican capitulos especiales al metodo de Mortara para obtener tasas de fecundidad por edad y a las tecnicas de Brass para estimar niveles recientes de fecundidad. Se agrega un apendice que muestra la evolucion de la fecundidad en los paises latinoamericanos, durante 1950-75

Efecto de la migracion en el crecimiento y la estructura de la poblacion de las ciudades de la America Latina

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Republica Argentina: evaluacion y ajuste del censo de poblacion de 1960 por sexo y edad y tabla abreviada de mortalidad, 1959-1961

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Las estadísticas demográficas y la mortalidad en Guatemala hacia 1950 y 1964

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Costa Rica: comparación entre tres proyecciones de población 1950-1978

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Tabla abreviada de mortalidad. Republica Argentina 1946-1948

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La nupcialidad femenina en America Latina durante el periodo intercensal 1950-1960

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Win-Win for Dairy Farms: Heifers Raised on Pasture Reduce Cost and Produce More Milk at First Lactation

Pastures under good management promote environmental, economic, and animal welfare advantages. However, comparisons of animal performance for pasture-raised dairy heifers versus confinement-raised dairy heifers are scarce. A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of dairy heifers raised on pasture or in confinement. Heifers raised on pasture had similar body weight and age at calving and greater dry matter intake in the end of 2nd grazing season. Cost of heifers raised on pasture was 26.7% less in the first grazing season and 58.4% less in the second grazing season compared to heifers raised in confinement. Heifers raised on pasture had greater dry matter intake and milk yield through first lactation. Physiological adaptation and nutritional benefits are involved in those benefits through lactation. Mammary gland development before breeding and increased feed intake before calving might be the main drivers for the advantages found for heifers raised on pasture compared to heifers raised in confinement. However, further studies are needed to evaluate nutritional and physiological differences of heifers raised on pasture compared to heifers raised in confinement

Comparison of HER2 status in primary and paired metastatic sites of gastric carcinoma

Background: Trastuzumab has recently shown efficacy in the treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. Although antibody-based therapies target the metastatic disease, HER2 status is usually evaluated in the primary tumour because metastatic sites are rarely biopsied. The aim of this study was to compare HER2 status in primary and paired metastatic sites of gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods: The HER2 status was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 72 secondary lesions of gastric adenocarcinoma and in the corresponding primary tumours. Results: Concordance of FISH results, evaluable in 68 primary and matched metastatic sites, was 98.5%. Concordance of IHC results, available in 39 of the 72 paired cases, was 94.9%. Only one case showed discordance between primary tumour and metastasis, being negative by both IHC and FISH in the primary and showing HER2 overexpression and amplification in the corresponding pancreatic lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: The high concordance observed between HER2 results obtained by both IHC and FISH on primary tumours and corresponding metastases suggests that in gastric cancer HER2 status is maintained in most cases unchanged during the metastatic process. Keywords: HER2, gastric cancer, FISH, immunohistochemistr