Phylogeny of a representative selection of species in Chaetothyriales, based on confidently aligned LSU sequences.

<p>Constructed with Maximum likelihood implemented in MEGA 7. Bootstrap values > 80% from 100 resampled datasets are shown with branches. Coloured boxes represent species complexes taken from de Hoog et al. [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005102#pntd.0005102.ref021" target="_blank">21</a>], Feng et al. [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005102#pntd.0005102.ref022" target="_blank">22</a>], and Vicente et al. [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005102#pntd.0005102.ref023" target="_blank">23</a>]. Clades with species causing chromoblastomycosis analysed in this study are indicated with arrows. Type strain in bold.</p

<i>Rhinocladiella tropicalis</i>, microscopic morphology.

<p>(A) Colonies on SGA; (B, C) twisted hyphae and conidia; (D-G) conidiophores with conidia produced in sympodial order; (H-O) conidial apparatus with conidia. Scale bars 10 μm.</p

Multilocus tree of <i>Rhinocladiella</i> based on ITS and partial <i>BT2</i> sequences.

<p>Constructed with maximum likelihood implemented in MEGA 7. Bootstrap values of >80% from 100 resampled data sets are shown with branches. <i>Cladophialophora yegresii</i> and <i>C</i>. <i>carrionii</i> comprised the outgroup. Novel species causing chromoblastomycosis are indicated with red branches. Type strain in bold.</p

Cardinal temperatures of strains described.

<p>(A) <i>Cyphellophora ludoviensis</i> with optimal growth temperature at 30°C and maximum at 37°C. (B) <i>Rhinocladiella tropicalis</i> with optimal development at 27°C and maximum at 37°C.</p

<i>Cyphellophora ludoviensis</i> microscopic morphology.

<p>(A) colonies on SGA; (B-E) hyphae with chlamydospores and lateral extensions; (F) anastomosis; (G-H) spirally twisted hyphae; (I) poorly differentiated phialide producing conidia; (J-P) chlamydospores and conidia. Scale bars 10 μm.</p

Strains analysed.

<p>Strains analysed.</p

Multilocus tree of <i>Cyphellophora</i> based on ITS and partial <i>BT2</i> sequences.

<p>Constructed with maximum likelihood implemented in MEGA 7. Bootstrap values of >80% from 100 resampled data sets are shown with branches. <i>Cladophialophora yegresii</i> and <i>C</i>. <i>carrionii</i> comprised the outgroup. Novel species causing chromoblastomycosis are indicated with red branches. Type strain in bold.</p