42,765 research outputs found
Thriving not just surviving: A review of research on teacher resilience
Retaining teachers in the early stages of the profession is a major issue of concern in many countries. Teacher resilience is a relatively recent area of investigation which provides a way of understanding what enables teachers to persist in the face of challenges and offers a complementary perspective to studies of stress, burnout and attrition. We have known for many years that teaching can be stressful, particularly for new teachers, but little appears to have changed. This paper reviews recent empirical studies related to the resilience of early career teachers. Resilience is shown to be the outcome of a dynamic relationship between individual risk and protective factors. Individual attributes such as altruistic motives and high self-efficacy are key individual protective factors. Contextual challenges or risk factors and contextual supports or protective factors can come from sources such as school administration, colleagues, and pupils. Challenges for the future are to refine conceptualisations of teacher resilience and to develop and examine interventions in multiple contexts. There are many opportunities for those who prepare, employ and work with prospective and new teachers to reduce risk factors and enhance protective factors and so enable new teachers to thrive, not just survive
Psychological impact of identifying character strengths in people with psychosis
A one group pre-post test design investigated the impact of identifying character strengths using the Values In Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS) with individuals with early psychosis (N = 29). Post-test improvements in positive affect and cognitive performance were observed. Neither self-esteem nor self-efficacy improved. The technique appears feasible for use within early intervention services. Adverse consequences should be monitored and additional components considered to enhance benefits
The impact of second language learning on semantic and nonsemantic first language reading
The relationship between orthography (spelling) and phonology
(speech sounds) varies across alphabetic languages. Consequently,
learning to read a second alphabetic language, that uses the same
letters as the first, increases the phonological associations that can
be linked to the same orthographic units. In subjects with English
as their first language, previous functional imaging studies have
reported increased left ventral prefrontal activation for reading
words with spellings that are inconsistent with their orthographic
neighbors (e.g., PINT) compared with words that are consistent
with their orthographic neighbors (e.g., SHIP). Here, using
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 17 Italian--English
and 13 English--Italian bilinguals, we demonstrate that left ventral
prefrontal activation for first language reading increases with
second language vocabulary knowledge. This suggests that
learning a second alphabetic language changes the way that
words are read in the first alphabetic language. Specifically, first
language reading is more reliant on both lexical/semantic and
nonlexical processing when new orthographic to phonological
mappings are introduced by second language learning. Our
observations were in a context that required participants to switch
between languages. They motivate future fMRI studies to test
whether first language reading is also altered in contexts when the
second language is not in use
Phenolic cutter for machining foam insulation
Pre-pregged fiber glass is an efficient abrasive for machining polystyrene and polyurethane foams. It bonds easily to any cutter base made of aluminum, steel, or phenolic, is inexpensive, and is readily available
Stone Conservation: An Overview of Current Research
Offers a subjective analysis of what is being done right, what areas of research should be continued, and what new directions should be addressed to increase the effectiveness of stone conservation
Space station full-scale docking/berthing mechanisms development
One of the most critical operational functions for the space station is the orbital docking between the station and the STS orbiter. The program to design, fabricate, and test docking/berthing mechanisms for the space station is described. The design reflects space station overall requirements and consists of two mating docking mechanism halves. One half is designed for use on the shuttle orbiter and incorporates capture and energy attenuation systems using computer controlled electromechanical actuators and/or attenuators. The mating half incorporates a flexible feature to allow two degrees of freedom at the module-to-module interface of the space station pressurized habitat volumes. The design concepts developed for the prototype units may be used for the first space station flight hardware
Gravity gradient attitude control system Patent
Gravity gradient attitude control system with gravity gradiometer and reaction wheels for artificial satellite attitude contro
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