Dataset on radioactivity measurement of Beryllium mining field in Ifelodun and gold mining field in Moro, Kwara State, North-central Nigeria

This work contains dataset of measured activity concentra- tions of 40 K, 238 U, 232 Th and gamma doses at 1 m above the ground level over Beryllium and Gold mining fields in Ifelodun and Moro respectively, Kwara State, North-central Nigeria. A well calibrated Super-Spec (RS-125) gamma spec- trometer was used to carry out these measurements. Mea- surements were carried out manually in 72 randomly se- lected sample points. Statistical analyses of the data were explored to infer potential statistical relationships. The ob- tained dataset is presented for further assessment that can offer insights into the safety state of Ifelodu, Moro and their environs from radiation protection point of view. The data in this study could serve as a substantial baseline radiological data of the region for future monitoring and epidemiology research

Radiogenic Components of Limestone Samples Collected from Ewekoro SW Nigeria: Implications for Public Radiological Health Risks Assessment and Monitoring

AIM: This research presents the radiogenic components in thirteen limestone samples from a quarry site in Ewekoro, southwestern Nigeria. METHODS: The distributions of natural radionuclides (238U, 232Th and 40K) in the limestone samples were determined by gamma spectroscopy using a well-type thallium-doped sodium iodide detector. Also, estimated associated radiological hazards are presented and compared with the standard threshold values. RESULTS: The activity concentrations for 238U, 232Th and 40K radionuclides range 18.09 ± 3.43-239.50 ± 25.74 Bqkg-1, 8.33 ± 0.83 - 360.01 ± 21.33 Bqkg-1 and 11.28 ± 0.81-735.26 ± 0.95 Bqkg-1 respectively. The radium equivalent activity concentration in the samples ranges 58.857-758.832 Bqkg-1 with samples S3, S4 and S11 values higher than the threshold limit of 370 Bqkg-1. Estimated dose rate and annual effective dose rate (AEDE) from the samples have ranges 28.754-330.917 nGyh-1 and 35.26-405.84 μSvy−1 respectively greater than the standard limit of 59 nGyh-1 and 70 μSvy−1 respectively for all samples except S9. The estimated external and internal indices are ranging 0.16 – 2.05 and 0.21 – 2.68 respectively, greater than permissible unity in some limestone samples such as S3, S4, S8, S11 and S13. Excess lifetime cancer risk was also computed using a life expectancy of 54.5 years. The results of higher radiological parameters in the limestone samples revealed that the miners have a high probability of contracting induced cancer. CONCLUSION: A regular check-up is recommended for the miners and staffs within the quarry site. Also, the residents within the environs should be relocated far away from the quarry site, as the particulates from the limestone rock blasting could contaminate the air in the study area

IMPROVEMENT ON INDOOR RADON ACCUMULATION RATE IN CST LABORATORIES AT COVENANT UNIVERSITY, OTA, NIGERIA

Radon is becoming one of the most extensively investigated human carcinogens. Radon and its progeny in the air contribute to human exposure from natural radiation sources. The present study analyzed the indoor radon concentration in air at several laboratory spaces of CST building using RAD7 electronic radon detector. The measured radon concentration ranged from 0 to 57.3 Bqm-3 for all study locations. The obtained radon concentration results is well below the world set limit of 40 Bqm- 3 as recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection. The annual effective dose and annual effective dose expressed in terms of work level month (WLM) ranged from 0.079 - 0.655 mSvy-1 and 0.0139 to 0.116 mSvy-1 respectively, which are below the world limit of 1.15 mSvy-1 as recommended by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. The correlation was obtained for the mean indoor radon concentrations and mean indoor air relative humidity for each study location with value range from 0.014 to 0.838. This reveals that there is a relevant correlation and indoor relative humidity has high influence on indoor radon concentration in most of the locations

Investigation into Customer Relation of Two Global Systems for Mobile Communication (GSM) Service Provider in Nigeria

The assessment of customer care response of TEL1 and TEL2 global systems for mobile communication (GSM) service providers in Nigeria was done. Data were obtained from the customer care Departments of these two mobile service providers in their head office in Lagos for six months period. The data assessment result shows that the four service types: prepaid/postpaid, premium/HNI, BB/3G-HIS, and call roaming had 445510, 328396, 45221, and 4127 number of calls respectively for TEL 1 and 416935, 357810, 41968, and 2106 respectively for TEL 2, with prepaid/postpaid having the highest values and call roaming service type had the least for both TEL 1 and TEL2. The number of calls answered followed the same trend for both TEL1 and TEL2.It was observed that about 96% of the calls offered by prepaid/postpaid customers, 95% of Premium/HNI, were answered for both TEL 1 and TEL 2. About 93% of calls offered by BB/3G-HIS, and 95% of call roaming customers were answered for TEL1, while it is 92% and 93% respectively for TEL2. It can be deducted that PREPAID/POSTPAID customers enjoy highest customer service care in both telecommunication networks. Higher values of AHT(S) of TEL 1 over TEL 2 imply that TEL 1 spends the more time with its subscribers when attending to a complaint

A Numerical Simulation and Modeling of Poisson Equation for Solar Cell in 2 Dimensions

Solar energy is one of the primary sources of energy replacing fossil fuels due to its abundance. Its versatility and environmental friendliness has made it one of the most promising renewable sources of energy. Solar cells convert solar energy into Electrical Energy. The effort to improve the efficiency of these cells and the reduction of their costs has been a major concern for a long time. Modeling of various structures of solar cells provides an insight into the physics involved in its operation and better understanding of the ways to improve their efficiency. This work modeled Poisson Equation in 2D for an abrupt and linearly graded charge densities system with arbitrary points in space. Linear approximation and differentials, finite difference method, boundary conditions and MATLAB were used to obtain the solution. This is the first step in developing a general purpose semiconductor device simulator that is functional and modular in nature. It was observed that highest electric potential was obtained where the point charge was placed for linearly graded and doping type changed over a small distance compared to the extent of the depletion region for abrupt p-n junction. By solving Poisson equation, voltage, electric field, electric charge density and density of free carriers inside the solar cell can be known

Design and construction of remote patient monitoring device

Health care services are important part of the society, automating these services lessen the burden on humans and eases the measuring/monitoring process. The construction of local remote patient monitoring system (RPMS) was done using the Arduino Uno connected to the global system for mobile (GSM) module SIM 800a, heart pulse sensor and body temperature sensors. It worked with 5 V power supply and the output is read on the liquid crystal display (LCD). The constructed device was tested by measuring the body temperature, heart pulse and electrocardiogram (ECG). The testing was conducted on 5 willing students and the values measured were within the normal body temperature between 36.1 to 37.2 oC. The device also sent message to alert the doctor when the value went below the prescribed value. The response time of the the device to send and receive short message service (SMS) is between 6 s to 13 s. The RPMS worked as intended and when improved upon by neater coupling and packaging, it will be a sellable low-cost product to the country locals as health care monitoring device

Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) method for the Determination of Elemental Constituent of Tropical Wood Matrices from Western Nigeria

The elemental composition analysis and its concentration levels in percentage were done on several wood samples using Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) of Ion Beam Analytical (IBA) methods. A total of twenty seven (15) tropical hardwoods from south western Nigerian environment were analyzed and six (6) major elements (C, O, N, Na, S, Cl) were identified. Carbon has the highest percentage constituents, ranging from 58.30% to 73.46%, in all the samples with sample 4 (Albizia gummifera) having the highest concentration of carbon as 73.46% and sample 7 (Anadelphia afzeliana) having the least carbon quantity as 58.30%.Nitrogen N ranged from 1.21% - 7.76%, Oxygen O 17.96% - 34.83%, Sodium Na 0.36% - 1.08%, Chlorine Cl 0.11% - 0.46%, and Sulfur S 0.13% to 0.59%. C was above the overall wood estimated constituent 50%, O below estimated value of 40%. Cl and S were within estimated range as trace element percentage range. The variation in elemental composition of wood used in the experiment shows that wood species have thesame elemental compositional trend as some human tissues and could be harness for use as tissues equivalent material for application in medical radiation dosimetry

Natural Radioactivity Concentration and Its Health Implication on Dwellers in Selected Locations of Ota

Elevated background ionizing radiation has its health effects on people who reside in such areas, this necessitate the need for constant monitoring. The activity concentrations of K40, Th-232 and U-238 were measured in three different selected study areas in Ota using RS230 gamma spectrometer. The highest activity concentrations for the three radionuclides were recorded in the Industrial Estate. The mean dose rate recorded was 45.37 nGyh-1 , 37.12 nGyh-1 and 33.33 nGyh-1 for Industrial Estate, Obasanjo Estate and Atan respectively. The mean outdoor annual equivalent dose estimated was 0.056 mSvy-1 , 0.045 mSvy-1 and 0.041 mSvy-1 respectively for the three locations. The estimated excess lifetime cancer risk ranged from 0.14 x 10-3 – 0.277 x 10-3 for the study areas. The radiological variables estimated in this study were all within world average recommended limit. The study concluded that the locations considered in this work are safe for dwellers and that industrial activity has influence on the background radiation

Background Radiation Dose in Selected X-Ray Facilities in Southwest Nigeria

Radiation exposure monitoring is essential to ensure that dose limits are not exceeded. The goal of this study is to assess the level of radiation exposure from radiography facilities in the study environment in order to promote radiation safety. Digilert 200 was used to determine the level of exposure in and around radiography facilities in five X-ray diagnostic centres in southwest Nigeria. The mean background exposure in centres A, B, C, D and E were 0.137 μSv/h, 0.170 μSv/h, 0.164 μSv/h, 0.183 μSv/h and 0.148 μSv/h respectively. The cumulative mean exposure in a year for centres A, B, C, D and E were 0.961 mSv/y, 1.193 mSv/y, 1.146 mSv/y, 1.281 mSv/y and 1.034 mSv/y respectively. The background radiation dose from the exposure level in all the centres exceeded the recommended limit but for centre A. High quality standard lead shielding and periodic radiation protection monitoring should be employed in centres with high radiation exposure