Nitric acid-organic mixtures surveyed for use in separation by anion exchange methods

Column elution-spectrographic analysis technique compares certain solvents directly to the methanol system, using inert rare earths instead of actinides. Distribution ratios for americium between 90 percent solvent, 10 percent 5 M nitric acid and Dowex 1 nitrate form resin for a large group of organics miscible in water was determined

Chemically modified coal macerals. Separation, density and surface area variations

Two Argonne Premium Coals were O-alkylated and O-acylated using a variety of different reagents, and then separated using density gradient centrifugation (ADGC). The separation data suggested that the hydroxyl groups are fairly evenly distributed in the maceral particles. However, several reagents produced results counter to this generalization, and exhibited enhanced maceral separation. Comparison of ADGC densities and He densities of the modified coals showed several reactivity families that appear to be based on wettability differences. Surface areas were also measured; areas as high as 200 m{sup 2}/g were obtained for some modified coals. The data suggest that there is an optimum molecular size for the added group that leads to the large areas

Operational reliability assessment of the GEOS A spacecraft

Decision theory application to GEOS A spacecraft operational reliability assessmen

Quantum resonances in selective rotational excitation of molecules with a sequence of ultrashort laser pulses

We investigate experimentally the effect of quantum resonance in the rotational excitation of the simplest quantum rotor - a diatomic molecule. By using the techniques of high-resolution femtosecond pulse shaping and rotational state-resolved detection, we measure directly the amount of energy absorbed by molecules interacting with a periodic train of laser pulses, and study its dependence on the train period. We show that the energy transfer is significantly enhanced at quantum resonance, and use this effect for demonstrating selective rotational excitation of two nitrogen isotopologues, $^{14}N_2$ and $^{15}N_2$. Moreover, by tuning the period of the pulse train in the vicinity of a fractional quantum resonance, we achieve spin-selective rotational excitation of para- and ortho-isomers of $^{15}N_2$.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Determination of sulfur compounds in coal by mass spectrometry, correlated with XANES and XPS

The objective of this study is to identify important organic sulfur-containing compounds in the Argonne Premium Coals and in selected, separated coal macerals. In-source, desorption/pyrolysis high resolution mass spectrometry is being used to characterize the volatile species of whole coals, macerals, and their extracts. To examine the possibility of secondary reactions and undesirable selectivity, the MS data is compared to data from direct techniques, XANES and XPS. The MS results con-elate very well which supports the suggestion that the species seen are indigenous to the original sample. Therefore, specific structural assignments to the sulfur species can be made. Quantitative speciation of organic sulfur in coals has been accomplished by both XANES and XPS with what appears to be good reliability. Mass spectrometry approaches provide more detailed molecular information, but suffer from problems with sampling. In the past we have found it difficult to isolate aliphatic sulfur compounds by thermal desorption or pyrolysis due to their thermal transformation to aromatic species. However, recently we have found that with in-source pyrolysis the occurrence of secondary reactions is reduced significantly. Results from both a selected setof the Argonne Premium Coal Samples and a set of three macerals from the Listen-Stockton coal (APCS 7) are discussed

Understanding Face and Shame: A Servant-Leadership and Face Management Model

Clergy can have a negative impact on churches and other individuals when they knowingly or unknowingly attempt to save face, that is, try to protect their standing or reputation. The desire to gain face and the fear of losing face and feeling ashamed will likely permeate clergy’s decision-making processes without even being noticed. This study explores the essence of face and face management and the relationship between face management and two characteristics of servant-leadership—awareness and healing—in both Chinese and American churches through the methodology of hermeneutic phenomenology. Prior to this study, to my knowledge, no hermeneutic phenomenological research of face management has been conducted in a church setting. Through a review of the literature, four areas are explored: face and shame, face management, servant-leadership, and face, shame, and face management within the church. This study obtained approval from the Institutional Review Board and informed consent from the participants. Three Chinese and three American Christian ministers were chosen to complete a question sheet and participate in two semi-structured interview sessions. A first cycle of open coding and second cycle of pattern coding were used during data analysis. Face experiences are discussed in light of eight major themes: body, triggers, becoming, face concepts, strategies, emotions, servant-leadership, and the church. Findings from the study help build a servant-leadership and face management model, which can offer an anchored approach for clergy and pastoral counselors to address face and shame and to develop therapeutic interventions