Supply Chain Practices - OLA Cabs Users’ Perception

Supply chain practices of any organisation a plays vital role to satisfy the Customer expectation. Supply chain management of an organisation is taking care from suppliers to end users. The chain must move in smooth way based on the prescribed standards is the key for exceeding the customer expectations. The supply chain practices of Mobile application-based cab operators are based on the triangle relationship. The triangle includes the Customers, Drivers and App service providers. The technology is connecting the all the corners of the triangle. This paper is trying to provide an insight about the OLA Cabs users’ perception over the supply chain practices of OLA cabs in White field, Bangalore city. It tries to identify the Key factors of Customer Perception over the supply chain practices of OLA Cabs

FORMULATION OF SELECTED SOY PRODUCTS FOR WOMEN’S HEALTH

Soybean differs from other cereals and legumes by containing the highest amount of complete protein. Tofu, soy milk, soy meat are nonfermented products of soybean. Soy contains chemical compounds are unique because of its high concentration of isoflavones, a type of plant estrogen. Women entering the menopausal stage are recommended to consume soya bean because this plant estrogen would benefit them. The study aims to inculcate the consumption of soy products through standardized recipes. The popular soy milk product is Tofu. It is prepared by curdling fresh hot soy milk with a coagulant. On milling, soybean yielded a nutritious product called Soy flour, which is available in two types namely full-fat soy flour (FFSF) and defatted soy flour (DFSF). When the soybean oil is extracted, the by-product called Soy Chunks is produced. In current study, soy products namely Tofu, Defatted Soy Flour, and Soy Chunks were used to standardize few recipes by incorporating them in commonly consumed recipes or using them wholly. Further, for this, Tofu with pasta and sandwich, Chunks in kurma and nuggets, DFSF with besan omelette, and cakes were incorporated and standardized. Along with this, organoleptic evaluations were carried out for the developed products and were standardized. The nutritive values for DFSF and storage stability of standardized cakes were also carried out

Comparative study between Johnson’s formula and Dare’s formula of fetal weight estimation at term

Background: Prediction of fetal weight is one of the methods towards effective management of pregnancy and delivery. To assess and compare the accuracy of clinical and sonographic fetal weight estimation in predicting birth weight at term pregnancy, patients who were in latent or in active phase of labour. In the present study, an effort is made to compare two different clinical methods and USG and relate to the actual weight of the baby at birth.Methods: It is a prospective observational study of one hundred pregnant women satisfying the criteria, consenting for the study was recruited. Both USG and clinical methods will be done and compared with estimated the fetal weight. Weight of the baby at birth will be measured.Results: All the three methods had significant relationship with the baby weight. Percentage error was least with USG and the standard deviation of error was lower with Dare’s formula. The standard deviation was minimal for Dare`s formula EFW followed closely by USG.Conclusions: It can be concluded that Dare’s formula of clinical methods can be a potential option to be promoted in predicting the fetal weight in the absence of USG facilities. Training in this method is very important and can be an integral part in managing pregnancy during delivery in primary care setting

An Integrated Framework for Effective Tacit Knowledge Transfer

Effective tacit knowledge transfer is very critical for organizations. However, despite concerted efforts, many organizationsare finding it increasingly difficult to manage tacit knowledge transfer. This paper examines the characteristics of tacitknowledge and develops an integrated framework grounded in knowledge creation theory, social cognitive theory and mediarichness theory for transferring tacit knowledge effectively. The appropriateness and relevance of various knowledge transfermechanisms and the communication media types for different degrees of tacitness is discussed. This framework can guideorganizations in developing well suited knowledge transfer mechanisms to attain optimal tacit knowledge transfer

Study on post partum intrauterine contraceptive device practices and causes for discontinuation of PPIUCD at follow up in a tertiary hospital

Background: Post partum contraception is the best evidence based intervention in prevention of pregnancy and abortion related maternal morbidity and mortality in the developing countries. The unmet need for contraception among women in the postpartum period can be effectively fulfilled by post partum insertion of IUCD, in a single visit under the Government scheme of providing free maternity services during institutional delivery. Despite optimal efforts by family planning program, very few couples are opting for spacing methods and lack of awareness has resulted in discontinuation of family planning methods particularly PPIUCD. This study is designed to study the practices of PPIUCD and causes for discontinuation at follow up in our hospital. The objectives of the study were study PPIUCD practices at Vanivilas hospital; causes for discontinuation of PPIUCD.Methods: Prospective study done at Vanivilas hospital attached to Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute from January 2014 to December 2014. Women admitted and delivered at VVH, were counselled. CuT 380A was inserted in accepters who fulfilled the Medical Eligibility Criteria and had no contraindications for PPIUCD. They were followed up till June 2016.Results: There were 2072 PPIUCD insertions in one year, out of which 1244 were post placental, 139 were in immediate postpartum and 689 were intra caesarean insertions. Fifty four (54) women discontinued PPIUCD during follow up .Main causes for removal were menstrual abnormalities (19), pain abdomen (13), wanting sterilisation procedure (12) and marital disharmony.Conclusions: PPIUCD is an effective, safe, reversible method of long term contraception with high reported expulsion and low perforation rate, compared to interval insertion. More research is needed in the field of PPIUCD to enhance awareness and acceptance in the community. Awareness and counselling the eligible couples during ante natal care can improve acceptance and compliance of PPIUCD continuation rates

Comparison of risk of malignancy index with histopathological examination in ovarian tumours

INTRODUCTION: Ovarian cancer, the most lethal of all gynaecological malignancy represents a significant public health problem to a woman worldwide. It is often asymptomatic at an earlier stage, many of them present in an advanced stage for which the five year survival rate remains low.It is important to discriminate between benign and malignant tumor for selective referral of patients. Jacob et al. in 1990, developed a scoring system, Risk of malignancy index based on the ultrasound score, menopausal status and CA 125 value which were obtained preoperatively. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the risk of malignancy index based on CA125, menopausal status and ultrasound score in women with ovarian mass, to arrive at an optimal cut off point of RMI score. To evaluate the performance of individual parameters and RMI in differentiating benign and malignant ovarian tumors. To validate the efficiency of risk of malignancy index in discriminating benign and malignant ovarian tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study was performed in the Department of Obstetrics and gynaecology, Tirunelveli Medical College and hospital. The study was conducted during the period 2012 to 2014.The study population consisted of 100 patients who were admitted in our hospital with adnexal masses. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients above the age of 25 years admitted in our hospital both in premenopausal and postmenopausal age group with a diagnosis of an ovarian mass were included in the study. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Ovarian mass in the pregnant women were excluded because CA 125 levels will be elevated in pregnancy and hence may give a false positive result. Patients with previously diagnosed disease commonly associated with elevated CA 125 levels were excluded. Patients on peritoneal dialysis which by constant peritoneal irritation cause an elevated CA 125 levels and are therefore exclude from the study. Serum CA 125 was determined by radioimmunoassay. Ultrasound examination was performed using a 3.5-MHz abdominal convex transducer in patients with full bladder or 7.5-MHz vaginal probe in patients after empting the bladder. Ultrasound score was assigned for the following features. 1. Multiloculations, 2. Presence of solid elements, 3. Bilaterality, 4. Presence of ascites, or 5. Evidence of metastases. An ultrasound score (U) of 1 was given if none or one of the features was found, and a score of 3 was given if two or more of these features were shown. Postmenopausal status was defined as more than one year of amenorrhea or age older than 50 years for women who had undergone hysterectomy; they were scored as M=3. All other patients who did not meet these criteria were defined in a premenopausal status which scored M=1. The absolute values of serum CA-125 was entered in formula. Ultrasonographic examination of pelvic organs was performed, menopausal status and level of cancer antigen 125 (CA125) were assessed and finally RMI was calculated for all the patients. RMI was calculated using the formula: RMI SCORE = Ultrasound score x menopausal score x CA125 level in U/ml. After surgery, histopathological (HPE) findings of excised tumors were analysed in order to determine the final diagnosis. The histopathological diagnosis is considered as the gold standard for defining the outcomes finally, based on the standard formulas, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the RMI was calculated, as RMI is an index which indicates malignancy with reference to the actual presence or absence of malignancy in the ovarian mass. RESULTS: 100 women with ovarian mass above 25 years of age were selected for the study.In our study 79% of the tumor was benign and 21% was malignant.Among them 44.8% patients were in the age group of 51- 60 years, 31% in 41 – 50 years, 13.7% in 30 – 40 years and 10.3% in >60 years. Hence, the Risk of malignancy increases with increase in age group.Among nulliparous women, 46.6% has malignant ovarian tumor compared to 24.7% in multiparous women.Postmenopausal women women has higher risk of malignancy when compared to premenopausal women. Prediction of malignancy by CA 125, ultrasound and RMI was compared and analysed.The optimal sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for RMI were at the cut off value of 200. The diagnostic performance of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of RMI at cut off value of 200 were 82.14%, 94.44%, 85.19% and 93.15% respectively. Though CA 125 was highly sensitive (sensitivity was 85.18%), specificity and PPV were poor. The study showed that RMI has the better performance than CA 125, ultrasound score and menopausal score in the prediction of malignancy,particularly surface epithelial ovarian tumors .However in our study they failed to identify germ cell tumor and krukenberg tumor. CONCLUSION: Risk of malignancy index is a reliable method for differentiating benign and malignant ovarian mass preoperatively. Risk of malignancy index is a multimodal approach that is simple and easily applicable in preoperative evaluation of patients with ovarian tumor. Risk of malignancy index is a better diagnostic scoring index in discriminating benign and malignant tumor when compared to individual test of ultrasonogram or CA 125 level. The optimal cut off point that best distinguishes benign from malignant ovarian mass for RMI is 200 in the present study. RMI is the most useful diagnostic index in proper selection of patients who may require referral to tertiary care centers. Since the specificity of Risk of malignancy index is high, there is a potential role for this index in selection of cases for conservative management or minimal invasive surgery of benign cases like ultrasound guided aspiration or laparoscopic excision of the cysts

Comparative study of single dose versus multiple doses of antibiotic prophylaxis in caesarean delivery

Background: Women undergoing caesarean delivery (CD) are 5 to 20 fold greater risk of infection than women of vaginal delivery group. Infectious complications after CD are an important and substantial cause of maternal morbidity and increase in the hospital stay and cost of treatment. The objective was to compare the efficacy of intravenous single dose, less costly cefotaxime and more expensive triple drug regimen (ceftriaxone+gentamycin+metrogyl) for 5 post operative days, for prophylaxis in caesarean delivery.Methods: It is a prospective comparative study was undertaken on 300 subjects with 2 parallel treatment groups. Data were analyzed using Graphpad Instat 3 McIntosh software by Student’s t test, Mann–Whitney U test, the Chi-squared test or fisher’s exact test.Results: Comparatively narrow spectrum low cost cefotaxime is as effective as more expensive commonly used triple drug regimen with no significant difference of infectious morbidity.Conclusions: Less costly cefotaxime should be preferred compared to more costly triple drug regimen for prophylaxis at caesarean section

Determinants of HIV Testing Among Sexually Active Young People in Zambia

This study used data from the 2013 Zambia Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS) based on a nationally representative sample carried out by Central Statistical Office of Zambia. This paper analyzed a special module designed to collect information on the extent of the uptake of HIV testing by sexually active young people in Zambia. The analysis of this paper is based on 1879 young women aged 15-19 and 2747 aged 20-24 years respectively. Their male counterparts were 1675 aged 15-19 and 2005 aged 20-24 years. Overall 84% of females and 57% of males reported having tested for HIV. Regression analysis further showed that age, place of residence, work status, educational level, consistency of condom use and number of sex partners were significantly related to the uptake of HIV testing for both female and male participants. Young sexually active people should be availed affordable educational opportunities which in turn will hopefully accord them to viable economic opportunities. The media exposure to the young men and women should preach consistent condom use as well as a reduction in their sexual partners.Key Words: HIV testing; Sexually active; Condom use; Prevalenc