Multiple solutions in extracting physics information from experimental data

Multiple solutions exist in various experimental situations whenever the sum of several amplitudes is used to fit the experimentally measured distributions, such as the cross section, the mass spectrum, or the angular distribution. We show a few examples where multiple solutions were found, while only one solution was reported in the publications. Since there is no existing rules found in choosing any one of these solutions as the physics one, we propose a simple rule which agrees with what have been adopted in previous literatures: the solution corresponding to the minimal magnitudes of the amplitudes must be the physical solution. We suggest test this rule in the future experiments.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure

Experimental demonstration of a quantum router

The router is a key element for a network. We describe a scheme to realize genuine quantum routing of single-photon pulses based on cascading of conditional quantum gates in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and report a proof-of-principle experiment for its demonstration using linear optics quantum gates. The polarization of the control photon routes in a coherent way the path of the signal photon while preserving the qubit state of the signal photon represented by its polarization. We demonstrate quantum nature of this router by showing entanglement generated between the initially unentangled control and signal photons, and confirm that the qubit state of the signal photon is well preserved by the router through quantum process tomography

Modelling of Reflective Propagating Slow-mode Wave in a Flaring Loop

Quasi-periodic propagating intensity disturbances have been observed in large coronal loops in EUV images over a decade, and are widely accepted to be slow magnetosonic waves. However, spectroscopic observations from Hinode/EIS revealed their association with persistent coronal upflows, making this interpretation debatable. We perform a 2.5D magnetohydrodynamic simulation to imitate the chromospheric evaporation and the following reflected patterns in a flare loop. Our model encompasses the corona, transition region, and chromosphere. We demonstrate that the quasi periodic propagating intensity variations captured by the synthesized \textit{Solar Dynamics Observatory}/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) 131, 94~\AA~emission images match the previous observations well. With particle tracers in the simulation, we confirm that these quasi periodic propagating intensity variations consist of reflected slow mode waves and mass flows with an average speed of 310 km/s in an 80 Mm length loop with an average temperature of 9 MK. With the synthesized Doppler shift velocity and intensity maps of the \textit{Solar and Heliospheric Observatory}/Solar Ultraviolet Measurement of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) Fe XIX line emission, we confirm that these reflected slow mode waves are propagating waves.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure