First Salmonella spp. prevalence study in pigs and pork products from the province of Córdoba, Argentine

The study of the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in the pig and pork production chain is important to reduce the risk of spreading this pathogen into the human population. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in pigs and pork products from Córdoba. Mesenteric lymph nodes samples from 580 finishing pigs from different pig farms , and 420 samples (83 batches) of fresh pork products (the so-called “chorizo fresco de cerdo”) from different retailers were analyzed. ISO 6579:2002 standard protocol was used for Salmonella isolation. Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in finishing pigs in Córdoba was 41.5% (95%CI 37.6%- 45.6%). According to pig´s origin the province was split in North, Central and South region. The prevalence observed in each region was 49.5%, 43.0% and 36.0% respectively. The significantly higher prevalence observed in the North may be associated with the precarious conditions of the pig production sector in that area, compared to the better pig producing practices in the southern region. Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in fresh pork products was 17.4% (95%CI 15.8%-23.4%). Based on the Argentine Food Codex criteria, 34/83 (40.9%) of the analyzed batches should be rejected given the presence Salmonella spp. positive. In addition, total coliforms were also analyzed on these pork samples following national legislation and 42 (63.0%) of the batches should have been rejected according to coliform total count. Overall, only 13% of the batches fulfilled both criteria for acceptance. In conclusion, the high prevalence of Salmonella spp. in pig farms and of Salmonella spp. and coliforms in these type of pork products suggested important safety breakdowns along the pig production and pork elaboration processes. An important effort should be done to reach suitable hygienic and sanitary standards for pig and pork production in the province of Córdoba

Investigaciones en ciencias humanas y sociales : del ABC disciplinar a la reflexión metodológica

Diversidad de objetos, variedad de enfoques, prácticas disciplinares y multidisciplinares, y ejemplos de ejecución de proyectos de investigación y desarrollo son los rasgos distintivos de los siete capítulos que integran esta obra. En ellos se recoge el material desplegado en los Seminarios-Talleres de Metodología de la Investigación en Humanidades que se realizaron en el marco de las V Jornadas de Investigación de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo en setiembre de 2004: estudios sobre procesos sociales, cuestiones educativas, geográficas, históricas, lingüísticas y literarias. Algunos capítulos han mantenido el estilo y formato característicos del contexto de los seminarios-talleres, a veces con ligeras modificaciones; otros han sido enteramente reescritos para la convocatoria de esta publicación. Este libro refleja entonces abordajes disciplinares y pluridisciplinares diversos a problemáticas igualmente variadas. Por tratarse de propuestas orientadas a y/o basadas en seminarios-talleres, está claro que los autores involucrados no pueden abarcar todos los aspectos de los objetos de estudio respectivos. Sin embargo, la idea es al menos brindar algún punto de vista sobre el estadio de desarrollo de algunas de las investigaciones actualmente en ejecución en nuestra Facultad

Fobia social na infância e adolescência: Aspectos clínicos e de avaliação psicométrica

Embora a idade média de início ter sido considerada a adolescência intermediária, estudos recentes têm evidenciado que crianças tão jovens como aos oito anos de idade podem preencher os critérios para o diagnóstico de transtorno de ansiedade social. Além do que, este transtorno pode resultar em prejuízo, tanto imediato como em longo prazo, em muitos aspectos do funcionamento diário e pode impedir a aquisição de habilidades nestas crianças, bem como quando alcançarem a idade adulta. O presente artigo é uma revisão sobre o conceito de Fobia social e sobre usos nacionais e internacionais do Inventário de Ansiedade e Fobia Social para Crianças (SPAI-C).Although the average age of onset had been considered to be midadolescence, recent studies have determined that children as young as age 8 may meet diagnostic criteria for social anxiety disorder. Furthermore, Social Phobia can result in immediate and long-term impairment across many aspects of daily functioning and can prevent the achievement of developmental milestones in these children. In this article are revised the Social Phobia Construct as well as some aspects related to the use of two instruments for Social Phobia, the Social Phobia Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C)

Fobia social na infância e adolescência: aspectos clínicos e de avaliação psicométrica = Childhood and adolescence social phobia: clinical aspects and psychometric assessment

Embora a idade média de início ter sido considerada a adolescência intermediária, estudos recentes têm evidenciado que crianças tão jovens como aos oito anos de idade podem preencher os critérios para o diagnóstico de transtorno de ansiedade social. Além, de que, este transtorno pode resultar em prejuízo, tanto imediato como em longo prazo, em muitos aspectos do funcionamento diário e pode impedir a aquisição de habilidades nestas crianças, bem como quando alcançarem a idade adulta. O presente artigo é uma revisão sobre o conceito de fobia social e sobre usos nacionais e internacionais do inventário de ansiedade e fobia social para crianças (SPAI-C

Parallel Matrix Multiplication Using Voltage-Controlled Magnetic Anisotropy Domain Wall Logic

The domain wall-magnetic tunnel junction (DW-MTJ) is a versatile device that can simultaneously store data and perform computations. These three-terminal devices are promising for digital logic due to their nonvolatility, low-energy operation, and radiation hardness. Here, we augment the DW-MTJ logic gate with voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) to improve the reliability of logical concatenation in the presence of realistic process variations. VCMA creates potential wells that allow for reliable and repeatable localization of domain walls (DWs). The DW-MTJ logic gate supports different fanouts, allowing for multiple inputs and outputs for a single device without affecting the area. We simulate a systolic array of DW-MTJ multiply-accumulate (MAC) units with 4-bit and 8-bit precision, which uses the nonvolatility of DW-MTJ logic gates to enable fine-grained pipelining and high parallelism. The DW-MTJ systolic array provides comparable throughput and efficiency to state-of-the-art CMOS systolic arrays while being radiation-hard. These results improve the feasibility of using DW-based processors, especially for extreme-environment applications such as space

Prevalence, associated risk factors, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of non-typhoidal Salmonella in large scale swine production in Córdoba, Argentina

Fil: Vico, J. P. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Veterinaria. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Humanos y Sustentabilidad, José Sánchez Labrador S.J.; Córdoba, Argentina.Fil: Lorenzutti, A. M. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Veterinaria. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Humanos y Sustentabilidad, José Sánchez Labrador S.J.; Córdoba, Argentina.Fil: Zogbi, A. P. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Veterinaria. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Humanos y Sustentabilidad, José Sánchez Labrador S.J.; Córdoba, Argentina.Fil: Aleu, G. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Veterinaria. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Humanos y Sustentabilidad, José Sánchez Labrador S.J.; Córdoba, Argentina.Fil: Sánchez, I. C. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Veterinaria. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Humanos y Sustentabilidad, José Sánchez Labrador S.J.; Córdoba, Argentina.Fil: Caffer, M. I. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Servicio de Enterobacterias; Argentina.Fil: Rosmini, M. R. Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Santa Fe, Argentina.Fil: Mainar-Jaime, R. C. Universidad de Zaragoza. Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2. Facultad de Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; España.Non-typhoidal Salmonella is considered a major public health concern. The growing relevance of pigs as reservoir of Salmonella spp. has prompted several countries to set up surveillance and control programs to fight Salmonella infection in swine and reduce public health risk. In the last decade, pork production in Córdoba increased significantly to become one of the most important pig production provinces in Argentina. The aim of this study was to estimate Salmonella spp. prevalence and associated risk factors in large scale-farms in this province. Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of 580 pigs from 20 finishing large-scale farms were collected between 2014 and 2015 to estimate Salmonella infection. A prevalence of 41.5% (95%CI: 37.6-45.6%) was observed. Two major risk factors were significantly associated with Salmonella infection, both related to the pre-slaughter period (distance from the farm to the slaughterhouse and lairage time), highlighting the need to pay special attention to pre-slaughter practices in the province. Shortening transport times and complying with national regulations for lairage time at slaughter may help to reduce the prevalence of infection. Sixteen different serovars were identified, being S. Anatum and S. Typhimurium the most prevalent ones. Moreover, two isolate of the monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium (I 4,5,12:i:-) resistant to enrofloxacin and which also displayed multidrug resistance was isolated for first time from pigs in Córdoba. The moderate to high levels of antimicrobial resistance detected for antibiotics commonly used in the pig sector suggested the need for implementing a plan to limit their use in the province