More than competition: exploring stakeholder identities at a grassroots cause-related sporting event

The purpose of this paper is to (a) explore stakeholder identities of a grassroots cause-related sporting event; and (b) gain a better understanding of how identities are related to stakeholder development, support of the event, and future intentions. We used a mixed methods research design that consisted of two studies: qualitative followed by quantitative. Study 1 explored stakeholder identities and how they are related to stakeholder development and support of the event, and Study 2 examined how future intentions regarding attendance, donations, and sponsor support differ based on levels of stakeholder identity. Sports marketing and non-profit management literature streams as well as identity theory and social capital theory informed our studies. The National Kidney Foundation Surf Festival was selected because it is a grassroots cause-related sporting event with financial success over the last two decades. In addition, a surf contest, an action sport, is a unique sport setting in the nonprofit sector, which offers insight to marketers seeking to target subcultures. The findings of the qualitative study revealed three identities relevant to participants: sport subculture, community, and cause. A framework emerged from the data that illustrated how these identities unite together to generate social capital, which is linked to effective volunteer and sponsorship management. Quantitative analysis through survey data provided further evidence of the impact of identification with a cause-related sport activity on consumer outcomes. Results indicated attendees with high surf-related identity are more likely to attend future Surf Festivals, have higher intentions to donate to the cause, and have higher sponsor purchase intentions compared to those with low self-identity with the sport subculture. The conclusion discusses implications, framing the findings through the intersection of the sports marketing and non-profit sector industries, and provides suggestions for future research.Ye

Measurement of the Time-Resolved Reflection Matrix for Enhancing Light Energy Delivery into a Scattering Medium

Multiple scatterings occurring in a turbid medium attenuate the intensity of propagating waves. Here, we propose a method to efficiently deliver light energy to the desired target depth in a scattering medium. We measure the time-resolved reflection matrix of a scattering medium using coherent time-gated detection. From this matrix, we derive and experimentally implement an incident wave pattern that optimizes the detected signal corresponding to a specific arrival time. This leads to enhanced light delivery at the target depth. The proposed method will lay a foundation for efficient phototherapy and deep-tissue in vivo imaging in the near future.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (9P41EB015871-26A1

Quantum disordered state in the J(1)-J(2) square-lattice antiferromagnet Sr2Cu(Te0.95W0.05)O-6

The B-site ordered double perovskites Sr2Cu(Te1-xWx)O6 provide an excellent arena for investigating exotic phases expected for the J1-J2 square-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet. Here, combining magnetic susceptibility and specific-heat measurements with electron spin resonance (ESR) and muon spin rotation/relaxation (μSR) techniques, we explore a spin-liquid-like state in the vicinity of the Néel critical end point (x=0.05-0.1). The specific heat and the ESR and muon relaxation rates give evidence for an energy hierarchy of low-energy excitations, reminiscent of randomness-induced singlet states. In addition, the weak transverse μSR data show a fraction of frozen magnetic moments in the random-singlet background. The origin of a random-singlet-like state near the phase boundary is discussed in terms of concomitant exchange randomness and local strain generated by the W6+-for-Te6+ substitution. © 2021 American Physical Society.1

Focusing of light energy inside a scattering medium by controlling the time-gated multiple light scattering

The efficient delivery of light energy is a prerequisite for non-invasive imaging and stimulating of target objects embedded deep within a scattering medium. However, injected waves experience random diffusion by multiple light scattering, and only a small fraction reaches the target object. Here we present a method to counteract wave diffusion and to focus multiplescattered waves to the deeply embedded target. To realize this, we experimentally inject light to the reflection eigenchannels of a specific flight time where most of the multiple-scattered waves have interacted with the target object and maximize the intensity of the returning multiple-scattered waves at the selected time. For targets that are too deep to be visible by optical imaging, we demonstrated a more than 10-fold enhancement in light energy delivery in comparison with ordinary wave diffusion cases. This work will lay a foundation for enhancing the working depth of imaging, sensing, and light stimulation

An alpha-numeric code for representing N-linked glycan structures in secreted glycoproteins

10.1007/s00449-008-0226-4Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering32197-107BBEI