Rethinking Security in the Age of Uncertain Globalisation: NEPAD and Human Security in Africa in the Twenty-First Century1

Globalisation can hardly be said to have caused Africa’s contemporary predicaments. However, it is clear that it continues to exacerbate them by posing diverse challenges to local and global governance and security. This paper demonstrates how the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), launched in 2003 to promote security and development, may beanother hoax in Africa’s search for appropriate development models, especially given the character and fall-outs of globalisation on the continent. It raises several critical questions regarding the relevance and practicality of the vision and mandate of NEPAD vis-à-vis Africa’s innumerable security challenges. What, for instance, are the ‘new’ security challenges facing Africa in this age of globalisation, and how well equipped is NEPAD to addressing them? What are the key human security issues in Africa’s developmental complexities, distinct from or similar to existent ones on regime and/or territorial security? What are the implications of globalisation in Africa’s capacity to implement NEPAD’s visions and priorities in the areas of security and development? In conclusion, the paper reveals that there is little hope that NEPAD would serve Africa’s security needs better, whether it is now or in the future

High-Frequency Ultrasound Imaging of the Intestine in Normal Subjects and Patients with Intestinal Parasites

High-frequency ultrasound imaging was used to evaluate the intestinal walls of the duodenum and colon in patients with intestinal parasitic infections. Ultrasound images were obtained from 100 consecutive patients with symptomatic intestinal parasitic diseases and 40 healthy controls. High-frequency annular array transducer of 7.5 MHz was used to obtain B-mode ultrasound gray-scale and color images of the duodenum and colon with and without water contrast. The diagnosis of parasitic infections was based on clinical presentation, serial stool microscopy, and finding of parasites in duodenal aspirates. We demonstrated normal duodenum and colon echoanatomy in control subjects. In patients with giardiasis, the lesions of the duodenum and colon were associated with increased dimensions and wall thickness compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). The ultrasound features of giardial lesions were characterized by increased wall echogenicity, flattening or loss of duodenal folds, and/or colonic haustration, hyperechoic floating foci demonstrating chaotic motility, increased perilesional tissue echogenicity, and altered colonic peristalsis. In amebic lesions there were hyperechoic floating foci with bulk motility. There is loss of wall thickness at amebic ulcer sites or wall thickening at amebic granuloma. Helminths were visualized as large hyperechoic linear or curvilinear foci with serpentine or jolting motility. In conclusion, high-frequency B-mode ultrasound imaging with water contrast demonstrated details of duodenal and colonic echoanatomy in normal subjects and patients with giardiasis

Teaching and Learning within and across Cultures: Educator Requirements across the United States

The article addresses the treatment of multicultural education in U.S. teacher education programs, as of 2007. The authors believe there is a need for state-level requirements for meaningful multicultural education for preservice teachers, and they present their study describing the development and implementation of such a requirement in Georgia. Their study investigates three major themes in teacher education present in the U.S. as of 2004: separate certification for multicultural education, multicultural education embedded in bilingual education, and fully embedded cross-cultural education. They explain their survey of teacher education programs in Georgia, they describe the state reforms that resulted from their research, and they present their recommendations for future reform