Body Shape, Image, and Composition as Predictors of Athlete’s Performance

Body shape, image, and composition are three different but related concepts used to describe people. Body shape, also known as somatotype, represents the tangible body, which can be externally observed and measured without destroying or hurting it. On the contrary, body image represents the subjective and intangible human nature, a construct that we try to define by applying validated scientific tools—a set of dimensions easily affected by psychological perception. Instead, body composition represents the physical parts grouped into similar compartments. Due to the fact that it cannot be observed or measured with the naked eye, and in order to reduce measurement error, we try to measure them with the highest and most accurate available technology. Shape, image, and composition affect sport?s performance. Sports literature mentions, sometimes interchangeably, form, image, and body composition. So when we refer to them we have to distinguish them. Social, political, economic, cultural, educational, and genetic factors influence them. Technological advances in determining the shape and composition are reliable, but not the ones for body image, which needs further development. In this paper, the interrelation of these three aspects is described, with health and sport?s ambit indicators

PERTINENCIA Y DEMANDA DE LA CARRERA DE EDUCACIÓN BÁSICA

RELEVANCE AND DEMAND OF THE BASIC EDUCATION CAREERRESUMENEl artículo presenta escenarios que condicionan la temporalidad de la construcción del proyecto y el rediseño de la Carrera de Educación Básica (EGB). El problema de investigación que se formuló fue: Insuficiencias en el estudio de pertinencia de la Carrera de Educación Básica de la Facultad de Ciencias y de la Educación y la demanda ocupacional. Las tareas que se derivan del problema y de sus interrogantes fueron: Establecer los problemas y necesidades de los contextos y objetivos del Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir (PNBV) que abordará la profesión; Identificar mediante la investigación documental los horizontes epistemológicos que están presentes en la profesión; Derivar del estudio realizado en la Red Nacional de Educación Básica, los núcleos básicos de las disciplinas que sustentan la profesión; Identificar los vínculos de las tecnologías de punta con los aprendizajes profesionales para garantizar respuestas válidas a los problemas que resolverá la profesión en los sectores estratégicos y de interés público; Establecer los problemas de la realidad (actores y sectores vinculados a la profesión) que integran el objeto de estudio de la profesión; Identificar las tendencias de desarrollo local y regional que están incluidas en los campos de estudio y de actuación de la profesión; Precisar los aportes que realizará el currículo a las necesidades de formación del talento humano considerando los aspectos que se detallan en el artículo 107 de la LOES, incluyendo el análisis de la demanda local; Determinar las funciones y roles de los escenarios laborales en los que actuarán los futuros profesionales. Los resultados de la investigación expresan: La metodología de investigación fue descriptiva – documental, empleando como estrategia de sistematización la operacionalización de las interrogantes cuyos constructos se organizaron analíticamente en tablas, luego esos componentes se integraron semánticamente en cada una las narrativas que describen los escenarios de la pertinencia de la carrera de la Educación Básica. Se demostró que la carrera de Educación Básica es pertinente con las necesidades y requerimientos de docentes de la provincia y Región Zonal 1, con el Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir y las Agendas de Desarrollo Provincial. Así mismo que la demanda de docentes para la Educación Básica es mucho mayor que la disponibilidad, en consecuencia se justifica la carrera.PALABRAS CLAVE: Rediseño; carrera; Educación Básica; pertinencia; demanda ocupacional.ABSTRACTThe article presents scenarios that determine the timing of project construction and redesign of the career of Basic Education. The research problem formulated was: Shortcomings in the study of relevance to justify the project design of Basic Education Career in the Faculty of Science and Education and its occupational demand. Tasks resulting from the problem and its questions were: Establish the problems and needs from the context and objectives of the National Plan for Good Living (Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir) Identify the epistemological horizons which are present in the profession by documentary research. Derive the basic core disciplines that support the profession from the study performed at the National Network of Basic Education. Identify the links of the technologies with the professional learning to ensure acceptable answers to problems to be solved by the profession in strategic sectors of public interest. Establish the problems of reality (actors and sectors linked to the profession) that integrate the object of study of the profession of public interest. Identify trends in local and regional development which are included in the fields of study and performance trends of the profession. Specify the contributions to be made by the curriculum to the training needs of human talent considering the aspects listed in Article 107 of the LOES, and including the analysis of local demand. Determine the functions and roles of labor scenarios in which future professionals will act. The results of research express that the research methodology was descriptive and documentary, using a strategy of systematizing the operationalization of the questions which constructs were organized in tables analytically, then these components were integrated semantically in each narrative that describes the scenarios of the relevance of the Basic Education Career. It was shown that the career in Basic Education is relevant to the needs and requirements of teachers in the province and Zonal Region 1, the National Plan for Good Living and the Provincial Development Agendas. Also the demand of teachers for Basic Education is much greater than availability, therefore the career is justified.KEYWORDS: Redesign; career; Basic Education; relevance; occupational demand

PERTINENCIA Y DEMANDA DE LA CARRERA DE EDUCACIÓN BÁSICA

RELEVANCE AND DEMAND OF THE BASIC EDUCATION CAREERRESUMENEl artículo presenta escenarios que condicionan la temporalidad de la construcción del proyecto y el rediseño de la Carrera de Educación Básica (EGB). El problema de investigación que se formuló fue: Insuficiencias en el estudio de pertinencia de la Carrera de Educación Básica de la Facultad de Ciencias y de la Educación y la demanda ocupacional. Las tareas que se derivan del problema y de sus interrogantes fueron: Establecer los problemas y necesidades de los contextos y objetivos del Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir (PNBV) que abordará la profesión; Identificar mediante la investigación documental los horizontes epistemológicos que están presentes en la profesión; Derivar del estudio realizado en la Red Nacional de Educación Básica, los núcleos básicos de las disciplinas que sustentan la profesión; Identificar los vínculos de las tecnologías de punta con los aprendizajes profesionales para garantizar respuestas válidas a los problemas que resolverá la profesión en los sectores estratégicos y de interés público; Establecer los problemas de la realidad (actores y sectores vinculados a la profesión) que integran el objeto de estudio de la profesión; Identificar las tendencias de desarrollo local y regional que están incluidas en los campos de estudio y de actuación de la profesión; Precisar los aportes que realizará el currículo a las necesidades de formación del talento humano considerando los aspectos que se detallan en el artículo 107 de la LOES, incluyendo el análisis de la demanda local; Determinar las funciones y roles de los escenarios laborales en los que actuarán los futuros profesionales. Los resultados de la investigación expresan: La metodología de investigación fue descriptiva – documental, empleando como estrategia de sistematización la operacionalización de las interrogantes cuyos constructos se organizaron analíticamente en tablas, luego esos componentes se integraron semánticamente en cada una las narrativas que describen los escenarios de la pertinencia de la carrera de la Educación Básica. Se demostró que la carrera de Educación Básica es pertinente con las necesidades y requerimientos de docentes de la provincia y Región Zonal 1, con el Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir y las Agendas de Desarrollo Provincial. Así mismo que la demanda de docentes para la Educación Básica es mucho mayor que la disponibilidad, en consecuencia se justifica la carrera.PALABRAS CLAVE: Rediseño; carrera; Educación Básica; pertinencia; demanda ocupacional.ABSTRACTThe article presents scenarios that determine the timing of project construction and redesign of the career of Basic Education. The research problem formulated was: Shortcomings in the study of relevance to justify the project design of Basic Education Career in the Faculty of Science and Education and its occupational demand. Tasks resulting from the problem and its questions were: Establish the problems and needs from the context and objectives of the National Plan for Good Living (Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir) Identify the epistemological horizons which are present in the profession by documentary research. Derive the basic core disciplines that support the profession from the study performed at the National Network of Basic Education. Identify the links of the technologies with the professional learning to ensure acceptable answers to problems to be solved by the profession in strategic sectors of public interest. Establish the problems of reality (actors and sectors linked to the profession) that integrate the object of study of the profession of public interest. Identify trends in local and regional development which are included in the fields of study and performance trends of the profession. Specify the contributions to be made by the curriculum to the training needs of human talent considering the aspects listed in Article 107 of the LOES, and including the analysis of local demand. Determine the functions and roles of labor scenarios in which future professionals will act. The results of research express that the research methodology was descriptive and documentary, using a strategy of systematizing the operationalization of the questions which constructs were organized in tables analytically, then these components were integrated semantically in each narrative that describes the scenarios of the relevance of the Basic Education Career. It was shown that the career in Basic Education is relevant to the needs and requirements of teachers in the province and Zonal Region 1, the National Plan for Good Living and the Provincial Development Agendas. Also the demand of teachers for Basic Education is much greater than availability, therefore the career is justified.KEYWORDS: Redesign; career; Basic Education; relevance; occupational demand

Nonconventional Wastewater Treatment for the Degradation of Fuel Oxygenated (MTBE, ETBE, and TAME)

Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) is a nonconventional wastewater treatment, consisting of oxygen pressure releasing inside a reactor in order to degrade organic compounds dissolved in water, using a solid catalyst in the presence of an activated O2 species, usually at temperatures ranges of 125–250°C and pressures of 10–50 bar. CWAO can reduce operating costs of conventional treatment due to the use of ideal catalyst that is able to improve reaction conditions at temperatures and pressures as mild as possible, simultaneously setting high catalytic activity and long-term stability of heterogeneous catalysts. Oxygenated fuels are gasoline additives in reformulated gasoline and oxyfuels. In the beginning, they provided an alternative solution of environmental problems, such as greenhouse gas emissions and octane enhancement, caused by fossil fuel use. The oxygenated fuels frequently used are methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), and tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME). However, there is environmental impact from oxygenated fuel hydrocarbons related to widespread contamination of groundwater and other natural waters. Our research group developed a wide study in order to evaluate several catalysts (Ru, Au, Cu, and Ag supported on Al2O3, Al2O3-CeO2, and TiO2-CeO2) and to obtain the best for the efficiency of the oxidation process

Evaluation of the impact of residual stresses in crack initiation with the application of the Crack Compliance Method Part II, Experimental analysis

Abstract. The present work is based on a previous numerical simulation used for the introduction of a residual stress field in a modified compact tensile specimen. The main objective in that paper was to evaluate the effect that previous history has in crack initiation and to establish the new loading conditions needed to propagate a fracture. The experimental analysis presented in this paper was performed to compare and validate the numerical procedure. Several modified compact tensile specimens from a biocompatible material (AISI 316L) were manufactured to estimate the beneficial effect of a residual stress field. The specimens were separated in four batches; an initial group of uncracked specimens was used to establish an evaluation of the induction of a residual stress field produced by an overload; the remaining specimens were separated into three groups where a crack was introduced in each specimen (1 mm, 5 mm and 10 mm respectively) and the residual stress field caused by the application of an overload was determined. The assessment of all the residual stress fields introduced into the specimens was done by the application of the crack compliance method (CCM). The results obtained have provided useful information on the correlation between the numerical and experimental procedures. Furthermore, data concerning the understanding of diverse factors related to crack initiation are discussed in this paper. Finally, the beneficial aspects of the residual stresses are discussed

Evaluation of the impact of residual stresses in crack initiation with the application of the Crack Compliance Method Part I, Numerical analysis

Abstract. The understanding of how materials fail is still today a fundamental research problem for scientist and engineers. The main concern is the assessment of the necessary conditions to propagate a crack that will eventually lead to failure. Nevertheless, this kind of analysis tends to be more complicated, when a prior history in the material is taken into consideration and it will be extremely important to recognize all the factors involved in this process. In this work, a numerical simulation of the introduction of residual stresses, which change the crack initiation conditions, in a modified compact tensile specimen to change the condition of crack initiation is presented. Four numerical analyses were carried out; an initial evaluation was performed in a specimen without a crack and it was used for the estimation of a residual stress field produced by an overload; three more cases were simulated and a crack was introduced in each specimen (1 mm, 5 mm and 10 mm, respectively). The overload was then applied to set up a residual stress field into the component; furthermore, in each case the crack compliance method (CCM) was applied to measure the induced residual stress field. By performing this numerical simulation, the accuracy of the crack compliance method can be evaluated. On the other hand, elastic-plastic finite element analysis was utilized for the residual stress estimation. The numerical analysis was based on the mechanical properties of a biocompatible material (AISI 316L). The obtained results provided significant data about diverse factors, like; the manner in which a residual stress field could modify the crack initiation conditions, the convenient set up for induction of a beneficial residual stresses field, as well as useful information that can be applied for the experimental implementation of this research

Application of Silver Nanoparticles for Water Treatment

In recent past development of silver nanoparticles and their application in the treatment of wastewaters is becoming a major area of research. It is mainly applicable to the removal of three major pollutants like pesticides, heavy metals, and microorganisms. Variety of synthesis techniques have been reported for preparation and characterization of silver nanoparticles. In our research, we synthesized Ag nanoparticles supported on ZrO2 and ZrO2-CeO2 by a “deposit-precipitation method” as the first step and later sequentially synthesized Ag-Au supported on ZrO2 and ZrO2-CeO2 by Redox method. Catalysts were evaluated in catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of methyl tert-butyl ether and phenol. The CWAO is a liquid phase process for the treatment of organic pollutants operating at temperatures in the range of 100–325°C at 5–200 bar pressures. The selectivity and efficient of catalysts were evaluated by total organic carbon (TOC) and high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). Ideally, the total mineralization of pollutants into CO2 and H2O is preferred

Molecular motors robustly drive active gels to a critically connected state

Living systems often exhibit internal driving: active, molecular processes drive nonequilibrium phenomena such as metabolism or migration. Active gels constitute a fascinating class of internally driven matter, where molecular motors exert localized stresses inside polymer networks. There is evidence that network crosslinking is required to allow motors to induce macroscopic contraction. Yet a quantitative understanding of how network connectivity enables contraction is lacking. Here we show experimentally that myosin motors contract crosslinked actin polymer networks to clusters with a scale-free size distribution. This critical behavior occurs over an unexpectedly broad range of crosslink concentrations. To understand this robustness, we develop a quantitative model of contractile networks that takes into account network restructuring: motors reduce connectivity by forcing crosslinks to unbind. Paradoxically, to coordinate global contractions, motor activity should be low. Otherwise, motors drive initially well-connected networks to a critical state where ruptures form across the entire network.Comment: Main text: 21 pages, 5 figures. Supplementary Information: 13 pages, 8 figure