319 research outputs found
Alternative Approaches to the Validation of Nondestructive Testing Methods
There is currently considerable interest in devising appropriate means for measuring how well test methods suit their avowed purpose. One of the major expressions of this interest has been through implementation of standards and guidelines issued by ISO/IEC (International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission) and, in Europe, CEN/CENELEC (European Committee for Standardization/European Commission for Electrotechnical Standardization). Among the goals of the ISO 9000 family of International Standards is provision of quality system guidelines [1] to complement the specific product requirements that are typically incorporated in specifications provided by âcustomersâ. These criteria are intended to aid âsuppliersâ in achieving continuing improvements in product quality and customer satisfaction. Four key âfacets of qualityâ are identified, associated with a) definition of needs for the product; b) aspects of product design that influence performance of the product; c) consistency in conforming to the product design; and d) providing life-cycle product support
Characterization of an embedded RF-MEMS switch
An RF-MEMS capacitive switch for mm-wave integrated circuits, embedded in the BEOL of 0.25ÎŒm BiCMOS process, has been characterized. First, a mechanical
model based on Finite-Element-Method (FEM) was developed by taking the residual stress of the thin film membrane into account. The pull-in voltage and the capacitance values obtained with the mechanical model agree very well with the
measured values. Moreover, S-parameters were extracted using Electromagnetic (EM) solver. The data observed in this way also agree well with the experimental ones measured up to 110GHz. The developed RF model was applied to a transmit/receive (T/R) antenna switch design. The results proved the feasibility of using the FEM model in circuit simulations for the development of RF-MEMS switch embedded, single-chip multi-band RF ICs
Hierarchically organized nanostructured TiO2 for photocatalysis applications
A template-free process for the synthesis of nanocrystalline TiO2
hierarchical microstructures by reactive Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) is here
presented. By a proper choice of deposition parameters a fine control over the
morphology of TiO2 microstructures is demonstrated, going from classical
compact/columnar films to a dense forest of distinct hierarchical assemblies of
ultrafine nanoparticles (<10 nm), up to a more disordered, aerogel-type
structure. Correspondingly, film density varies with respect to bulk TiO2
anatase, with a degree of porosity going from 48% to over 90%. These structures
are stable with respect to heat treatment at 400 centigrade degrees, which
results in crystalline ordering but not in morphological changes down to the
nanoscale. Both as deposited and annealed films exhibit very promising
photocatalytic properties, even superior to standard Degussa P25 powder, as
demonstrated by the degradation of stearic acid as a model molecule. The
observed kinetics are correlated to the peculiar morphology of the PLD grown
material. We show that the 3D multi-scale hierarchical morphology enhances
reaction kinetics and creates an ideal environment for mass transport and
photon absorption, maximizing the surface area-to-volume ratio while at the
same time providing readily accessible porosity through the large inter-tree
spaces that act as distributing channels. The reported strategy provides a
versatile technique to fabricate high aspect ratio 3D titania microstuctures
through a hierarchical assembly of ultrafine nanoparticles. Beyond
photocatalytic and catalytic applications, this kind of material could be of
interest for those applications where high surface-to-volume and efficient mass
transport are required at the same time.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, Nanotechnology (accepted
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Lateral Selective SiGe Growth for Local Dislocation-Free SiGe-on-Insulator Virtual Substrate Fabrication
Dislocation free local SiGe-on-insulator (SGOI) virtual substrate is fabricated using lateral selective SiGe growth by reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition. The lateral selective SiGe growth is performed around a âŒ1.25 ÎŒm square Si (001) pillar in a cavity formed by HCl vapor phase etching of Si at 850 °C from side of SiO2/Si mesa structure on buried oxide. Smooth root mean square roughness of SiGe surface of 0.14 nm, which is determined by interface roughness between the sacrificially etched Si and the SiO2 cap, is obtained. Uniform Ge content of âŒ40% in the laterally grown SiGe is observed. In the Si pillar, tensile strain of âŒ0.65% is found which could be due to thermal expansion difference between SiO2 and Si. In the SiGe, tensile strain of âŒ1.4% along ă010ă direction, which is higher compared to that along ă110ă direction, is observed. The tensile strain is induced from both [110] and [â110] directions. Threading dislocations in the SiGe are located only âŒ400 nm from Si pillar and stacking faults are running towards ă110ă directions, resulting in the formation of a wide dislocation-free area in SiGe along ă010ă due to horizontal aspect ratio trapping
Iron Status and Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Ferric Carboxymaltose Treatment in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Background and Aims:We analyzed iron deficiency and the therapeutic response following intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in a large single-center inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cohort. Methods: 250 IBD patients were retrospectively analyzed for iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. A subgroup was analyzed regarding efficacy and side effects of iron supplementation with ferric carboxymaltose. Results: In the cohort (n = 250), 54.4% of the patients had serum iron levels 60 mu g/dl, 61.6% had ferritin >100 ng/ml, and 90.7% reached Hb >12/13 g/dl at follow-up (p < 0.0001 for all parameters vs. pretreatment values). The most frequent adverse event was a transient increase of liver enzymes with male gender as risk factor (p = 0.008, OR 8.62, 95% CI 1.74-41.66). Conclusions: Iron deficiency and anemia are frequent in IBD patients. Treatment with ferric carboxymaltose is efficious, safe and well tolerated in iron-deficient IBD patients. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Base
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Engineering Options for the U.S. Fusion Demo
Through its successful operation, the US Fusion Demo must be sufficiently convincing that a utility or independent power producer will choose to purchase one as its next electric generating plant. A fusion power plant which is limited to the use of currently-proven technologies is unlikely to be sufficient attractive to a utility unless fuel shortages and regulatory restrictions are far more crippling to competing energy sources than currently anticipated. In that case, the task of choosing an appropriate set of engineering technologies today involves trade-offs between attractiveness and technical risk. The design space for an attractive tokamak fusion power core is not unlimited; previous studies have shown that advanced low-activation ferritic steel, vanadium alloy, or SiC/SiC composites are the only candidates they have for the primary in-vessel structural material. An assessment of engineering design options has been performed using these three materials and the associated in-vessel component designs which are compatible with them
Engineering Options for the U.S. Fusion Demo *
ABSTRACT Through its successful operation, the U.S. Fusion Demo must be sufficiently convincing that a utility or independent power producer will choose to purchase one as its next electric generating plant. A fusion power plant which is limited to the use of currently-proven technologies is unlikely to be sufficiently attractive to a utility unless fuel shortages and regulatory restrictions are far more crippling to competing energy sources than currently anticipated. In that case, the task of choosing an appropriate set of engineering technologies today involves trade-offs between attractiveness and technical risk. The design space for an attractive tokamak fusion power core is not unlimited; previous studies have shown that advanced lowactivation ferritic steel, vanadium alloy, or SiC/SiC composites are the only candidates we have for the primary in-vessel structural material. An assessment of engineering design options has been performed using these three materials and the associated in-vessel component designs which are compatible with them
Small bowel Crohnâs disease: MR enteroclysis and capsule endoscopy compared to balloon-assisted enteroscopy
New modalities are available to visualize the small bowel in patients with Crohnâs disease (CD). The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic yield of magnetic resonance enteroclysis (MRE) and capsule endoscopy (CE) to balloon-assisted enteroscopy (BAE) in patients with suspected or established CD of the small bowel. Consecutive, consenting patients first underwent MRE followed by CE and BAE. Patients with high-grade stenosis at MRE did not undergo CE. Reference standard for small bowel CD activity was a combination of BAE and an expert panel consensus diagnosis. Analysis included 38 patients, 27 (71%) females, mean age 36 (20â74) years, with suspected (n = 20) or established (n = 18) small bowel CD: 16 (42%) were diagnosed with active CD, and 13 (34%) by MRE with suspected high-grade stenosis, who consequently did not undergo CE. The reference standard defined high-grade stenosis in 10 (26%) patients. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value of MRE and CE for small bowel CD activity were 73 and 57%, 90 and 89%, 88 and 67%, and 78 and 84%, respectively. CE was complicated by capsule retention in one patient. MRE has a higher sensitivity and PPV than CE in small bowel CD. The use of CE is considerably limited by the high prevalence of stenotic lesions in these patients
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