70 research outputs found
Tourism policy and destination marketing in developing countries: the chain of influence
Tourism marketers including destination marketing organisations (DMOs) and international tour operators play a pivotal role in destination marketing, especially in creating destination images. These images, apparent in tourist brochures, are designed to influence tourist decision-making and behaviour. This paper proposes the concept of a âchain of influenceâ in destination marketing and image-making, suggesting that the content of marketing materials is influenced by the priorities of those who design these materials, e.g. tour operators and DMOs. A content analysis of 2,000 pictures from DMO and tour operator brochures revealed synergies and divergence between these marketers. The brochure content was then compared to the South African tourism policy, concluding that the dominant factor in the chain of influence in the South African context is in fact its organic image
Can deliberate efforts to realise aspirations increase capabilities? A South African case study
This paper takes up Appadurai's suggestion that aspirations could be used as a key to unlock development for people who are economically marginalised, and that their capabilities could be increased by this approach. The notion of âaspirationsâ is theoretically and conceptually framed, and then Amartya Sen's use of the term capabilities as the space within which development should be assessed is explored. I subsequently describe a five-year programme in which economically marginalised women in Khayelitsha near Cape Town were assisted in voicing and attempting to realise their aspirations, while being assisted with access to some resources. Capability outcomes and constraints are described and analysed, and the question of adaptive preferences is addressed. I conclude that deliberate efforts to realise aspirations, accompanied by some facilitation, can increase capabilities, but that there are also structural constraints to capability expansion for these women that frustrate their aspiration of class mobility.International Bibliography of Social Science
African herbal medicines in the treatment of HIV: Hypoxis and Sutherlandia. An overview of evidence and pharmacology
In Africa, herbal medicines are often used as primary treatment for HIV/AIDS and for HIV-related problems. In general, traditional medicines are not well researched, and are poorly regulated. We review the evidence and safety concerns related to the use of two specific African herbals, which are currently recommended by the Ministry of Health in South Africa and member states for use in HIV: African Potato and Sutherlandia. We review the pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacokinetics of these herbal medicines. Despite the popularity of their use and the support of Ministries of Health and NGOs in some African countries, no clinical trials of efficacy exist, and low-level evidence of harm identifies the potential for drug interactions with antiretroviral drugs. Efforts should be made by mainstream health professionals to provide validated information to traditional healers and patients on the judicious use of herbal remedies. This may reduce harm through failed expectations, pharmacologic adverse events including possible drug/herb interactions and unnecessary added therapeutic costs. Efforts should also be directed at evaluating the possible benefits of natural products in HIV/AIDS treatment
âWe create our own small worldâ: daily realities of mothers of disabled children in a South African urban settlement
Parents of disabled children face many challenges.
Understanding their experiences and acknowledging
contextual influences is vital in developing intervention
strategies that fit their daily realities. However, studies of
parents from a resource-poor context are particularly scarce.
This ethnographic study with 30 mothers from a South
African township (15 semi-structured interviews and 24
participatory group sessions) unearths how mothers care on
their own, in an isolated manner. The complexity of low
living standards, being poorly supported by care structures
and networks, believing in being the best carer, distrusting
others due to a violent context, and resigning towards life
shape and are shaped by this solitary care responsibility.
For disability inclusive development to be successful,
programmes should support mothers by sharing the care
responsibility taking into account the isolated nature of
mothersâ lives and the impact of poverty. This can provide
room for these mothers to increase the well-being of
themselves and their children
Direct re-lithiation strategy for spent lithium iron phosphate battery in Li-based eutectic using organic reducing agents
One of the most commonly used battery cathode types is lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) but this is rarely recycled due to its comparatively low value compared with the cost of processing. It is, however, essential to ensure resource reuse, particularly given the projected size of the lithium-ion battery (LIB) market. A simple, green, inexpensive, closed-loop process is proposed for recycling LiFePO4 cathodes, via delamination of the cathode active material from the aluminium current collector by simple immersion in water. Two regeneration routes are compared to demonstrate how recovered Li1âxFePO4 can be regenerated: (1) direct re-lithiation of the spent cathode material under ambient temperature and pressure using a eutectic system made from lithium acetate and ethylene glycol with hydroquinone as a reducing agent, and (2) oxidative leaching of lithium ions in water, with iron(iii) chloride as an oxidising agent, followed by regeneration back to the LiFePO4 olivine structure using same re-lithiation method. The use of this non-aqueous lithium-based eutectic system in combination with a reducing agent decreases the temperature and number of steps required for the regeneration of LiFePO4 and restores the electrochemical performance of the spent material
The Effect of Institutional Racism on Student Family Circumstances: A Human Capabilities Perspective
Remaining at the margins: Case study of farmworkers in the North West Province, South Africa
This article explores living conditions, livelihoods and prospects of farmworkers with regard to
land reform legislation. Research was conducted from 2004 to 2010 on four farms in the North
West Province, interviewing farmworkers and farm owners. Representatives of the agricultural
union Agri North West and land analysts were interviewed to obtain their perspective on farm
labour. Despite protective legislation, farmworkersâ living and working conditions have
deteriorated. Farmworkers further lack alternative livelihood options, perpetuating their
dependency on farm owners, who are the only ones providing services and some social security.
Among the main barriers in the empowerment of farmworkers are limited insights regarding
complex social relationships on farms, the challenge to address the specificity of power
relations, and the marginalised position of farmworkers and their lack of agency in the broader
political system. Both farmworkers and farm owners need support structures and strengthened
institutional capacity to gradually change power dynamics.German Research Foundation (DFG), the National Research Foundation, South Africa and the Belgian non-governmental organisation Nutrition Third World.http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cdsa202016-03-05hb201
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