Transport in Luttinger Liquids

We give a brief introduction to Luttinger liquids and to the phenomena of electronic transport or conductance in quantum wires. We explain why the subject of transport in Luttinger liquids is relevant and fascinating and review some important results on tunneling through barriers in a one-dimensional quantum wire and the phenomena of persistent currents in mesoscopic rings. We give a brief description of our own work on transport through doubly-crossed Luttinger liquids and transport in the Schulz-Shastry exactly solvable Luttinger-like model.Comment: Latex file, 15 pages, four eps figure

Women in Sahitya Academy Award-winning novels

From 2012 to 2020 (excluding 2013), the Sahitya Akademi explores their status based on some of the female characters in the award-winning novels. In the novel 'Thol', a female character named Arukkani goes to work in a leather factory due to her family situation.  Love blossoms for her at work. Without respecting her feelings for the place, she abandons love, thinking of the consequences of continuing that love.  A third victim of superstition is the neck stretching. The situation arises where she meets her boyfriend one day.  She protects the culture and culture without going with him in that situation.  In the novel 'Anjadi', a woman named Veerammal marries a man of her choice to her mother and father. The mother maintains her husband's respect in the home, no matter how poor her husband may be. When Veerammal offers to give her grains at her birth house, Wendy refuses to buy them to protect the house. The husband behaves like a mature woman at home. In the novel 'Sancharam', Veena Soundarammal lends a helping hand to a helpless blind Nataswara artist and marries him. She does the work he needs to do and expresses humanity. The blister character in the novel 'Chool' is a woman who cannot give birth and at the same time is a mother to many buffaloes and lives with mental courage and self-confidence. Their friendship emerges from the characterization of Arunmozhi in the novel 'Invalid Money', who cries after meeting his friend in danger.  The status of such women has been explored in this article

Evaluation of F1 Hybrids in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) for Yield and Quality

To study the combining ability and heterosis for yield and quality characters, full diallel analysis was carried out in bitter gourd during January - April 2008 (Thai pattam), with 10 diversified parents, at Research Farm, Horticultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Coimbatore. Parental mean and gca effects revealed that the parents Preethi, CO-1, MC-30, Uchha Bolder, Green Long and MC-105 were the best genotypes for improvement of yield, combined with quality characters. Hybrids, viz., Preethi x MC-30, KR x USL, MC-105 x MC-10 and Priyanka x CO-1 registered favourable values for mean, significant sca and standard heterosis for yield and quality parameters. Hence, these hybrids are recommended for commercial exploitation of heterosis. Comparison of parental gca and sca of hybrids revealed that hybridization between good x good, good x poor, medium x poor and poor x good combiners gave rise to hybrids with significant sca effects. Considering the mean performance, sca and standard heterosis, hybrid 'Preethi x MC-30' registered favourable values for the most important characters like earliness, number of fruits, fruit yield and quality. Top performing F1 hybrids can be tested over seasons and locations for assessing stability for high yield and quality

Effects of interaction on an adiabatic quantum electron pump

We study the effects of inter-electron interactions on the charge pumped through an adiabatic quantum electron pump. The pumping is through a system of barriers, whose heights are deformed adiabatically. (Weak) interaction effects are introduced through a renormalisation group flow of the scattering matrices and the pumped charge is shown to {\it always} approach a quantised value at low temperatures or long length scales. The maximum value of the pumped charge is set by the number of barriers and is given by $Q_{\rm max} = n_b -1$. The correlation between the transmission and the charge pumped is studied by seeing how much of the transmission is enclosed by the pumping contour. The (integer) value of the pumped charge at low temperatures is determined by the number of transmission maxima enclosed by the pumping contour. The dissipation at finite temperatures leading to the non-quantised values of the pumped charge scales as a power law with the temperature ($Q-Q_{\rm int} \propto T^{2\alpha}$), or with the system size ($Q-Q_{\rm int} \propto L_s^{-2\alpha}$), where $\alpha$ is a measure of the interactions and vanishes at $T=0 ~(L_s=\infty)$. For a double barrier system, our result agrees with the quantisation of pumped charge seen in Luttinger liquids.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, better quality figures available on request from author