Socialist Women and the Great War, 1914-21: Protest, Revolution and Commemoration

Socialist Women and the Great War: Protest, Revolution and Commemoration, an open access book, is the first transnational study of left-wing women and socialist revolution during the First World War and its aftermath. Through a discussion of the key themes related to women and revolution, such as anti-militarism and violence, democracy and citizenship, and experience and life-writing, this book sheds new and necessary light on the everyday lives of socialist women in the early 20th century. The participants of the 1918-1919 revolutions in Europe, and the accompanying outbreaks of social unrest elsewhere in the world, have typically been portrayed as war-weary soldiers and suited committee delegates—in other words, as men. Exceptions like Rosa Luxemburg exist, but ordinary women are often cast as passive recipients of the vote. This is not true; rather, women were pivotal actors in the making, imagining, and remembering of the social and political upheavals of this time. From wartime strikes, to revolutionary violence, to issues of suffrage, this book reveals how women constructed their own revolutionary selves in order to bring about lasting social change and provides a fresh comparative approach to women's socialist activism. As such, this is a vitally important resource for all postgraduates and advanced undergraduates interested in gender studies, international relations, and the history and legacy of World War I. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollection.com. Open access was funded by Knowledge Unlatched

The Effects of Long-Term Graft Preservation on Intraoperative Hemostatic Changes in Liver Transplantation:A Comparison Between Orthotopic and Heterotopic Transplantation in the Pig

We compared hemostatic changes during OLT and HLT after various periods of graft storage, to investigate whether the host liver in HLT protects the recipient from hemostatic deterioration induced by severe graft storage damage. In particular, the mechanism of fibrinolytic deterioration was investigated. The effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on these parameters was also studied. Material and Methods: 69 pigs underwent either OLT (N = 32) or HLT (N = 37) with a graft stored for 2 hr (N = 31), 24 hr (N = 16), 48 hr (N = 7), or 72 hr (N = 15). PGE1 was given intravenously to both donor and recipient animals and was added to the preservation and flushing solutions. Fibrinolysis (euglobulin clot lysis time, t-PA activity and α2-antiplasmin) and coagulation parameters (activated partial thromboplasmin time, prothrombin time, fibrinogen and platelet count) were measured at several intervals during transplantation. Statistics: Univariate non-parametric tests were used for analysis of coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters. For the three main variables- i.e., the type of transplantation, the use of PGE1, and the preservation time, multiple regression analysis was performed. Results: Fibrinolytic activity increased during the anhepatic period of OLT. Graft reperfusion was followed by a rise in t-PA in both OLT and HLT. In HLT, t-PA quickly returned to normal, whereas a continuous increase was found in OLT. The coagulation parameters, in turn, remained unchanged during the anhepatic period and deteriorated in OLT compared to HLT. The duration of graft storage was directly related to the severity of the hemostatic changes, although this effect was more apparent in OLT than in HLT. Conclusions: Changes in hemostasis are more pronounced in OLT than in HLT. This suggests that the host liver protects the recipient from the effects of graft storage damage, even after long preservation times. Early postreperfusion fibrinolytic activity was presumably due to t-PA release from the graft both in OLT and HLT. The further rise t-PA in OLT might be caused by the release of cytokines from the graft, that subsequently evoke endothelial t-PA release. In HLT, t-PA and cytokines may be cleared by the native liver. No positive or negative effect of PGE1 on coagulation or fibrinolysis parameters was noticed.\</p

The Effects of Long-Term Graft Preservation on Intraoperative Hemostatic Changes in Liver Transplantation

We compared hemostatic changes during OLT and HLT after various periods of graft storage, to investigate whether the host liver in HLT protects the recipient from hemostatic deterioration induced by severe graft storage damage. In particular, the mechanism of fibrinolytic deterioration was investigated. The effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on these parameters was also studied

The Effects of Long-Term Graft Preservation on Intraoperative Hemostatic Changes in Liver Transplantation:A Comparison Between Orthotopic and Heterotopic Transplantation in the Pig

We compared hemostatic changes during OLT and HLT after various periods of graft storage, to investigate whether the host liver in HLT protects the recipient from hemostatic deterioration induced by severe graft storage damage. In particular, the mechanism of fibrinolytic deterioration was investigated. The effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on these parameters was also studied. Material and Methods: 69 pigs underwent either OLT (N = 32) or HLT (N = 37) with a graft stored for 2 hr (N = 31), 24 hr (N = 16), 48 hr (N = 7), or 72 hr (N = 15). PGE1 was given intravenously to both donor and recipient animals and was added to the preservation and flushing solutions. Fibrinolysis (euglobulin clot lysis time, t-PA activity and α2-antiplasmin) and coagulation parameters (activated partial thromboplasmin time, prothrombin time, fibrinogen and platelet count) were measured at several intervals during transplantation. Statistics: Univariate non-parametric tests were used for analysis of coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters. For the three main variables- i.e., the type of transplantation, the use of PGE1, and the preservation time, multiple regression analysis was performed. Results: Fibrinolytic activity increased during the anhepatic period of OLT. Graft reperfusion was followed by a rise in t-PA in both OLT and HLT. In HLT, t-PA quickly returned to normal, whereas a continuous increase was found in OLT. The coagulation parameters, in turn, remained unchanged during the anhepatic period and deteriorated in OLT compared to HLT. The duration of graft storage was directly related to the severity of the hemostatic changes, although this effect was more apparent in OLT than in HLT. Conclusions: Changes in hemostasis are more pronounced in OLT than in HLT. This suggests that the host liver protects the recipient from the effects of graft storage damage, even after long preservation times. Early postreperfusion fibrinolytic activity was presumably due to t-PA release from the graft both in OLT and HLT. The further rise t-PA in OLT might be caused by the release of cytokines from the graft, that subsequently evoke endothelial t-PA release. In HLT, t-PA and cytokines may be cleared by the native liver. No positive or negative effect of PGE1 on coagulation or fibrinolysis parameters was noticed.\</p

Critical animal and media studies: Expanding the understanding of oppression in communication research

Critical and communication studies have traditionally neglected the oppression conducted by humans towards other animals. However, our (mis)treatment of other animals is the result of public consent supported by a morally speciesist-anthropocentric system of values. Speciesism or anthroparchy, as much as any other mainstream ideologies, feeds the media and at the same time is perpetuated by them. The goal of this article is to remedy this neglect by introducing the subdiscipline of Critical Animal and Media Studies. Critical Animal and Media Studies takes inspiration both from critical animal studies – which is so far the most consolidated critical field of research in the social sciences addressing our exploitation of other animals – and from the normative-moral stance rooted in the cornerstones of traditional critical media studies. The authors argue that the Critical Animal and Media Studies approach is an unavoidable step forward for critical media and communication studies to engage with the expanded circle of concerns of contemporary ethical thinking