Clients' reasons for prenatal ultrasonography in Ibadan, South West of Nigeria

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Prenatal ultrasonography has remained a universal tool but little is known especially from developing countries on clients' reasons for desiring it. Then aim was to determine the reasons why pregnant women will desire a prenatal ultrasound.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>It was a cross-sectional survey of consecutive 222 women at 2 different ultrasonography facilities in Ibadan, South-west Nigeria.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mean age of the respondents was 30.1 ± 4.5 years. The commonest reason for requesting for prenatal ultrasound scans was to check for fetal viability in 144 women (64.7%) of the respondents, followed by fetal gender determination in 50 women (22.6%. Other reasons were to check for number of fetuses, fetal age and placental location. Factors such as younger age, artisans profession and low level of education significantly influenced the decision to check for fetal viability on bivariate analysis but all were not significant on multivariate analysis. Concerning fetal gender determination, older age, Christianity, occupation and gravidity were significant on bivariate analysis, however, only gravidity and occupation remained significant independent predictor on logistic regression model. Women with less than 3 previous pregnancies were about 4 times more likely to request for fetal sex determination than women with more than 3 previous pregnancies, (OR 3.8 95%CI 1.52 – 9.44). The professionals were 7 times more likely than the artisans to request to find out about their fetal sex, (OR 7.0 95%CI 1.47 – 333.20).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study shows that Nigerian pregnant women desired prenatal ultrasonography mostly for fetal viability, followed by fetal gender determination. These preferences were influenced by their biosocial variables.</p

HETEROCYCLIC-COMPOUNDS FROM PERHALO-2-NITRO-1,3-BUTADIENES AND DITHIOLS

Ketene dithioacetals 3a-f, dithia compounds 4c, 4f and a disulphide compound 5c were prepared from 2-nitroperhalo-1,3-butadiene (1) and dithiols (2). Benzthiazoles (6a) and (6b) were prepared from the reaction of 1 with 2-aminothiophenol in diethylether

Synthesis and Crystal Structures of 4,4-Dichloro-2-nitro-1,1,3-tris(phenylsulfanyl)-buta-1,3-diene and 4,4-Dichloro-2-nitro-1,1-bis(phenylsulfanyl)-3-(phenylsulfinyl)-buta-1,3-diene

4,4-Dichloro-2-nitro-1,1,3-tris(phenylsulfanyl)-buta-1,3-diene (2) and dichloro-2-nitro-1,1-bis(phenylsulfanyl)-3-(phenylsulfinyl)-buta-1,3-diene (3) were synthesized and their crystal structures were determined. The compound 2 is triclinic, space group P-1, a = 9.3328(10), b = 11.6744, c = 11.7894(10) angstrom, alpha = 62.460(4), beta = 89.639(6), gamma = 73.782(5)degrees, V = 1082.19(2) angstrom(3), Z = 2. The compound 3 is triclinic, space group P-1, a = 10.9706(7), b = 13.6694(9), c = 15.2581(9) angstrom, alpha = 92.470(5), beta = 90.204(5), gamma = 93.060(6)degrees, V = 2282.7(2) angstrom(3), Z = 4. The asymmetric unit of compound 3 contains two crystallographically independent non-planar molecules

Reactions of 2-nitropolyhalodienes with S,S-, O,S- and N,S-nucleophiles to 1,3-oxathiolane, 1,3-thiazolidine and 1,3-dithane and thioether compounds

2-Nitro-1,3-butadiene (1) has yielded 1,3-Oxathiolane when reacted with HS-CH2-CH2-OH in Ethanol in the presence of NaOH. Mono(thio)substituted butadiene compounds 4a-c and 4i were obtained from 1 and thiols (3a-c, 3i). 2-Nitroperhalo-1,3-butadiene (5), when reacted with (3c-t) thiols, gave compounds 7c-l and 8e. 1,3-Thiazolidine 6 was obtained from the reaction of 2-amino-ethanol hydrochloride with compound 5 in the presence of ethanol and sodium hydroxide. Compounds 9, 10 and 11 were obtained by stirring of the compound 5 with an ethanolthiol for a long time. 1,3-Dithiane compound 15 with a heterocyclic structure and thioether compounds 13 and 14 were also obtained from the reaction of 1 with dithiols

Synthesis and spectral properties of 1,4-naphthoquinone sulfanyl derivatives

Reactions of 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone with hexadecanethiol and other alkanethiols in ethanol in the presence of sodium carbonate afforded new symmetric and unsymmetrical sulfanylnaphthoquinone dyes

New N-, S-substituted nitrodienes from reactions of primary and secondary amines with mono(thio) substituted nitrodienes

N, S-substituted butadiene compounds 3a-e have been obtained from mono(thio)substituted 2-nitrodiene compounds la-e with morpholine in ether. Compounds 1b-e give 7b-e by the reaction with 4-methylpiperazine in ether. Mono(thio)substituted diene compounds 1b-e react with 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine (8) in ether yielding compounds 9b-c. Dibutadienyl substituted compounds 5b and 5c are prepared by mixing 2 moles of mono(thio)substituted 2-nitrobutadienes 1b-c with 1 mole piperazine (4). S-substituted nitrodiene compounds 1d-e give 12d and 12e by the reaction with piperazine in ether

SYNTHESIS OF NEW THIO-SUBSTITUTED BUTADIENES USING 1,3-DI-H-TETRACHLOROBUTADIENE AND 2H-PENTACHLOROBUTADIENE

Compounds 3a, 4a, 6a, 5b, 6b, 3c, 3d, 3f, and 5e, have been obtained from 1,3-di-H-tetrachlorobutadiene 1 and thiolates in DMSO at room temperature. With the same conditions 2H-pentachlorobutadiene 7 and thiolates give compounds 8a, 9a, 8c, 9c, 84, 94 and 9f. Hexachlorobutene 10 with benzylthiolate forms compound 12 in DMSO. The reaction of compounds 3e and 3d, with 3-chloroperbenzoic acid forms sulfoxide compounds 13c and 13d in chloroform, respectively. The structure of the reaction products was established by spectroscopic techniques

REACTIONS OF 2-NITROPENTACHLORO-1,3-BUTADIENE WITH THIOLS AND MONO(THIO)-SUBSTITUTED 2-NITROBUTADIENES WITH DITHIOLS

Mono(thio)substituted compounds 3a-g and 3g are prepared by mixing 2-nitropentachlorobutadiene (1) with thiols 2a-g. 2-Nitrodiene 1 gives bis(thio)substituted 4c and tris(thio)substituted 5d by the reaction with the same thiols in EtOH containing sodium hydroxide. Cyclic thioethers 7a-b, acyclic thioether 9a and disulfide derivatives 8a-b are formed by the reaction of 3a with 1,2-ethanedithiol (6a) and 1,3-propanedithiol (6b) in EtOH in the presence of sodium hydroxide

New open-chain or cyclic thioethers with diene, tetraene and hexaene structure from hexachlorobutadiene

Hexachlorobutadiene (1) in water-ethanol mixture in the presence of sodium hydroxide reacted with thiols to give mono(thio)substituted thioethers 7a-e and di(thio)substituted thioethers 8a-e. Heterocyclic thioether 3a, linear chain thioethers 4a, 6a and disulfide compound 5a were obtained from reaction of 1 with 2,2'-oxydiethanethiol in water-ethanol mixture in the presence of sodium hydroxide. Compounds 3b, 4b, 5b and 6b were obtained under the same reaction conditions from 1 and 1,6-hexanedithiol. Compound 1 from reaction in ethanol with 1,9-nonane-(3,7-dithia)dithiol yielded cyclic polythioether 10 and thioether 11 compounds. Disulfone compound 12, sulfone-sulfoxide compound 13 and disulfoxide compound 14 were obtained from the reaction of 4a with 4 moles of m-chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA) in chloroform. 4a gave in the reaction with 2 moles of m-CPBA in chloroform compounds 14 and 15