Trends and challenges in VLSI technology scaling towards 100 nm

Summary form only given. Moore's Law drives VLSI technology to continuous increases in transistor densities and higher clock frequencies. This tutorial will review the trends in VLSI technology scaling in the last few years and discuss the challenges facing process and circuit engineers in the 100nm generation and beyond. The first focus area is the process technology, including transistor scaling trends and research activities for the 100nm technology node and beyond. The transistor leakage and interconnect RC delays will continue to increase. The tutorial will review new circuit design techniques for emerging process technologies, including dual Vt transistors and silicon-on-insulator. It will also cover circuit and layout techniques to reduce clock distribution skew and jitter, model and reduce transistor leakage and improve the electrical performance of flip-chip packages. Finally, the tutorial will review the test challenges for the 100nm technology node due to increased clock frequency and power consumption (both active and passive) and present several potential solution

Work functions of self-assembled monolayers on metal surfaces

Using first-principles calculations we show that the work function of noble metals can be decreased or increased by up to 2 eV upon the adsorption of self-assembled monolayers of organic molecules. We identify the contributions to these changes for several (fluorinated) thiolate molecules adsorbed on Ag(111), Au(111) and Pt(111) surfaces. The work function of the clean metal surfaces increases in this order, but adsorption of the monolayers reverses the order completely. Bonds between the thiolate molecules and the metal surfaces generate an interface dipole, whose size is a function of the metal, but it is relatively independent of the molecules. The molecular and bond dipoles can then be added to determine the overall work function.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Developing A Learning Framework: The Systemic “Learning By Sharing Diamond"

The main aim of the paper is to assess and design an innovative model based on systemic model of learning by sharing through a dynamic diamond of four differentiations of an organization (cooperation, competency, competition, knowledge) in order to enhance a collaborative knowledge sharing culture. Design/methodology/approach -- Based on literature review it is developed a theoretical framework for understanding the key concept related to learning and integration of knowledge sharing, competence development and learning process in such a way that collaborative knowledge sharing becomes a part of the work culture and overcome the barriers to knowledge sharing. Findings -- The sustainability of the processes undertaken in the novel conceptual framework of this research should ensure that organizational and individual knowledge are the subject to continue innovation. By integration of the four differentiations of an organization, individuals can improve their intelligence and competences by acquiring useful knowledge and understanding, which is the learning process. Originality/value --Although knowledge management literature is very wide spread, the concept of learning by sharing is quite less approached. This paper contributes through designing of a model based on learning strategy to enhance organizational knowledge sharing

Knowledge Based Organization And Competency Based Organization: A Review Of Theories And Approaches

Purpose: This article aims to review the key concepts of knowledge-based organization and competency-based organization. Design/methodology/approach: Based on literature an overview it is made for understanding the key concepts related to knowledge and competency-based organization approach. Findings: This overview identifies that knowledge and competence have emerged as the key drivers of competitive advantage in most of theories. In the new market where the intangibles assets are vital, knowledge and competences plays an important role in obtaining, maintaining and sustainable developing the competitive advantage. Moreover, knowledge-based assets underlying competences and competences in turn underlying the organization\u27s products and services. Therefore, the main challenge of the firms is its ability to create, transfer, assemble, integrate and exploit the knowledge-based assets. Originality/value: This paper emphasizes the beneficial attributes of competence management in knowledge-based organization, more specifically those involved in process of knowledge sharing.