Die universalisme en individualisme in die teoretiese-wysgerige sosiologie. 1)

Uit 'n historiese ondersoek van die Sosiologie as vakwetenskap blyk dit al dadelik dat die Sosiologie een van die jongste vakwetenskappe is onder die ander sosiale wetenskappe

Die Grondprobleme van die Sosiolojrie.

’n Onderwerp soos die onderhawige waar dit gaan oor die grondprobleme van ’n wctenskap, is vanselfsprekend nie los te maak van dielewensbeskouing van die ondersoeker en ewe min van sy wysgerige standpunt nie. Op hierdie punt wil ons van meetaf niks in die onsekere laat nie

U.N.E.S.C.O., (V.V.O.) en christendom

Toe in die Volksraad ’n tydjie gelede die pos Onderwys onder bespreking was, het die minister van Onderwys, dr. A. J. Stals, volgens die persverslag gesê dat hy ietwat skepties staan teenoor die V.V.O. se onderwys- en kultuurorganisasie(Unesco) en dat hy nog nie vry is van alle argwaan dienaangaandenie

Die universiteit met die Byble

Hierdie jaar word D.V. die vyf-en-sewentigjarige bestaan van die Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam feestelik herdenk, nie alleen deur die Direkteure, Kuratore, dosente en studente nie, maar ook deur al sy oudstudente, donateurs en ondersteuners sowel in Nederland as daarbuite, o.a. in Noord-Amerika en ook in Suid-Afrika

Die dietse verband

Vooraf ’n enkele terminologiese en historiese opheldering. Die woord „diets” is ’n ou newevorm vir Duits, waarby dan egter spesiaal gedinkword aan Nederduits (Nederland)

Die Calvinistiese beskouing van die arbeid

Nie alleen in Suid-Afrika nie, maar bykans oor die hele wêreld, word die probleem van die Arbeid, veral in die laaste tiental jare, baie ernstig ondersoek, hoofsaaklik deur ekonome, pedagoë, psigoloë en sosioloë

Die mens en sy arbeid

Dit word algemeen aanvaar deur bykans alle ondersoekers van die sosiale vraagstuk, meer in besonder die vraagstukke wat lê op die gebied van die arbeid en die arbeidsverhoudinge, dat die oorsake van die moeilikhede van die twintigste eeu, vir ’n groot deel, gesoek moet word in die samelewing van die neëntiende eeu. Immers in hierdie eeu het die Westerse samelewing op ’n baie beslissende wyse ’n nuwe rigtinginge slaan, as gevolg van die opkoms en uitbreiding van die moderne grootindustrie (industrialisme) met die daarmeeinnig verbonde handel en moderne finansiewese

Soil Organic Matter Along a Degradation Gradient in a Semi-Arid Rangeland of South Africa

In a semi-arid South Africa rangeland on a sandy loam soil, artificial manipulations to create various rangeland conditions typical of different levels of livestock impact were shown to result in considerable losses of organic matter after 15 years (Du Preez & Snyman, 1993). In this follow-up study on a similar soil, we regularly measured the organic matter content following the conversion of rangeland in a good to a poor ecological condition, an undisturbed bare soil and a cultivated soil respectively. The changes in soil organic matter content after five years are reported

Assessing a portable, real-time display handheld meter with UV-A and UV-B sensors for potential application in personal sun exposure studies

BACKGROUND : Observing accurate real-time measurements of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) levels is important since personal excess sun exposure is associated with skin cancers. Handheld measurement devices may be helpful but their accuracy is unknown. We compare a portable, science-grade solar UVR monitoring device against two fixed, science-grade solar UVR instruments. METHODS : Instruments were (1) a fixed Solar Light 501 UV-B biometer to measure UV-B; (2) a fixed Kipp and Zonen radiometer used to measure UV-A and UV-B; and (3) Goldilux ultraviolet probes which are commercially available portable devices. Two different probes were used, one measured UV-A and the other UV-B radiation. The Goldilux probes were levelled and secured next to the UV-B biometer. Between 10:00 and 14:40 UTC+2, the UV-B biometer was set to record at 10-minute intervals and measurements by the Goldilux probes were manually taken simultaneously. Results were compared for all data and by solar zenith angle (SZA) ranges. RESULTS : The Goldilux UV-B probe measured UV-B relatively well in its diurnal pattern, however, its readings were ~77% higher than those made by the UV-B biometer. While UV-A measurements from the Goldilux UV-A probe and those from the radiometer were in relatively good agreement in pattern, the radiometer read ~47% higher than the Goldilux UV-A probe. UV-B data from Goldilux UV-B probe had a moderately strong correlation with UV-B biometer data for small SZAs; conversely, for UV-A, the Goldilux UV-A probe had a strong correlation with the UV-A radiometer data for large SZAs. CONCLUSION : Handheld devices may be useful to provide real-time readings of solar UVR patterns, however, to achieve synchronicity in the magnitude of readings to those made by science-grade fixed instruments, devices may need to be used during certain times of the day and in clear-sky conditions which may not be practical in personal exposure studies.Dr Wright receives funding support from the South African Medical Research Council and the National Research Foundation of South Africa.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1600-08462019-11-01hj2019Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorolog