350 research outputs found
Computational Ego Level: Large Data and New Methods Illuminate the Construct of Ego Development
P300 component in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder type I, bipolar disorder type II and healthy controls: a preliminary event-related potential study
The aim of the present study was to investigate P300 event-related potential components in euthymic bipolar disorder type I (BDI) and bipolar disorder type II (BDII) patients and matched controls. A total of 10 BDI patients, 10 BDII patients and 10 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. Event-related potential data were collected according to a standard auditory 'oddball' paradigm. A significant groups effect in both the peak amplitude (P<0.001) and the mean amplitude (P<0.001) was observed; post-hoc comparisons showed that the peak and mean amplitudes of BDI and BDII patients were significantly lower than the peak and mean amplitudes of the healthy controls. The neurophysiological patterns found in the present study might at least partially reflect the presence of a mild selective cognitive impairment in euthymic BDI and BDII patients. From a clinical point of view, these evidences support the potential role of cognitive interventions in the treatment of BD
Cerebellum in timing control: Evidence from contingent negative variation after cerebellar tDCS
Background and aims
Timing control is defined as the ability to quantify time. The temporal estimation of supra-seconds range is generally seen as a conscious cognitive process, while the sub-seconds range is a more automatic cognitive process. It is accepted that cerebellum contributes to temporal processing, but its function is still debated. The aim of this research was to better explore the role of cerebellum in timing control. We transitorily inhibited cerebellar activity and studied the effects on CNV components in healthy subjects.
Methods
Sixteen healthy subjects underwent a S1-S2 duration discrimination motor task, prior and after cathodal and sham cerebellar tDCS, in two separate sessions. In S1-S2 task they had to judge whether the duration of a probe interval trial was shorter (Short-ISI-trial:800 ms), longer (long-ISI-trail:1600 ms), or equal to the Target interval of 1200 ms. For each interval trial for both tDCS sessions, we measured: total and W2-CNV areas, the RTs of correct responses and the absolute number of errors prior and after tDCS.
Results
After cathodal tDCS a significant reduction in total-CNV and W2-CNV amplitudes selectively emerged for Short (p < 0.001; p = 0.003 respectively) and Target-ISI-trial (total-CNV: p < 0.001; W2-CNV:p = 0.003); similarly, a significant higher number of errors emerged for Short (p = 0.004) and Target-ISI-trial (p = 0.07) alone. No differences were detected for Longer-ISI-trials and after sham stimulation.
Conclusions
These data indicate that cerebellar inhibition selectively altered the ability to make time estimations for second and sub-second intervals. We speculate that cerebellum regulates the attentional mechanisms of automatic timing control by making predictions of interval timing
Mental flexibility in Parkinson's disease with central fatigue: Data from the frontal assessment battery
Background and aims
Central fatigue is defined as a reduced energy level or an
increased perception of effort, often associated to a failure in
initiating and maintaining tasks that require self-motivation. It is
common in Parkinson's disease population and it has been
hypothesized to be related to a dysfunction in the striato-talamo-
prefrontal loop. The aim of the present study was to explore the
association between fatigue and executive functions as index of
integrity of the striato-thalamo-prefrontal loop.
Methods
Twenty-nine non-demented PD patients without fatigue - PDnF,
28 non-demented PD patients with fatigue - PDF and 26 age and sex-
matched controls underwent an evaluation with the Frontal
Assessment Battery (FAB), MMSE, PSQI, BDI, STAI Y1-2, PDQ-39.
Differences between groups in FAB scores (total and subitems) were
analyzed by means of Kruskal-Wallis test. Moreover, a correlation
between fatigue and FAB was also analyzed.
Results
Overall parkinsonian population displayed worse performance
than controls in frontal scores especially inhibitory control (p =
0.008) and sensitivity to interference (p = 0.014). PDF displayed
significantly worse than PDnF in verbal fluency (p = 0.05). Fatigue
severity inversely correlated with executive performance (p b 0.001).
Conclusions
Phonemic fluency tasks are thought to reflect the simultaneous
engagement of several executive functions such as attention,
working memory, retrieval, information processing. The association
of central fatigue with a deficit in mental flexibility, could support
the hypothesis that central fatigue is a reliable index of the
impairment of higher executive functions needed in order to
effectively assess costs and benefits related to adaptive decision-
making behavior
Mineral content of young leaves of yerba mate.
A Erva-mate é muito usada para produção de bebidas para consumo humano. Na primavera, a planta desenvolve folhas jovens que podem representar um novo nicho de mercado na indústria de erva-mate; este perÃodo é chamado nesse estudo de prea-safrinha. Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar os teores nutricionais totais e hidrossolúveis de folhas jovens de erva-mate coletadas na primavera e seu potencial nutricional para o consumo humano. Para representar folhas jovens da pre-safrinha, o material vegetal recolhido foi limitado ao terceiro botão terminal. A análise quÃmica total e hidrossolúvel de folhas das procedências Cascavel (progênie 174), Ivaà (progênie 6), Barão de Cotegipe (progênies 68 e 69) incluiu os seguintes elementos: P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Cu e Zn.O conteúdo dos elementos da bebida obtida a partir da infusão de folhas jovens de erva-mate na ingestão diária recomendada variou de 0,5 a 11,5 % e se apresentou na seguinte ordem: Cu > Mn > K > P > Mg > Fe > Zn > Ca > Na. Progênies e morfotipos de erva-mate mostraram pouca variação no conteúdo total de nutrientes e não diferiram quanto ao conteúdo de nutrientes hidrossolúveis avaliados nas folhas jovens. Sendo assim, o extrato obtido a partir de folhas jovens de erva-mate apresenta potencial de uso para o consumo humano
Valor nutricional total e hidrossolúvel de folhas jovens de erva mate (Ilex paraguariensis) coletadas na época de pré-safrinha.
Morfotipos de erva-mate apresentam diferenças na composição mineral e no teor de compostos fitoquÃmicos como teobromina, cafeÃna e taninos. O aperfeiçoamento do conhecimento da variação quÃmica das folhas relativo à s caracterÃsticas de cada procedência, progênies e da época de colheita das folhas permite gerar produtos com caracterÃsticas de interesse para o setor industrial. O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar as diferenças na composição quÃmica das folhas de 4 progênies de erva-mate, colhidas na época de pré-safrinha. Foram coletadas folhas jovens de plantas adultas na Fazenda Experimental Caguiri, pertencente à UFPR, municÃpio de Pinhais em novembro de 2011. Foram quantificados os teores totais e hidrossolúveis de P (fósforo), K (potássio), Ca (cálcio), Mg (magnésio), Cu (cobre), Fe (ferro), Mn (manganês), Zn (zinco) e Na(sódio). O objetivo desse trabalho foi quantificar os teores totais e hidrossolúveis de macro e micro elementos em folhas de erva-mate colhidas na época de pré-safrinha. Conclui-se as progênies apresentaram diferentes teores totais de K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Na e hidrossolúveis de Mn; para aumentar os teores de P no chá produzido com erva mate, a progênie mais indicada é a Barão de Cotegipe 69, para K e Zn a progênie Ivai 4, para Ca a Barão de Cotegipe 68, para Mg a Barão de Cotegipe 68 e 69, para Mn a Barão de Cotegipe 68 e para Fe a Cascavel 174; os nutrientes mais disponÃveis para alimentação humana em uma xÃcara de chá são em ordem decrescente: K, Cu, P, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn e Na sendo a contribuição desses nutrientes na ingestão diária recomendada pela ANVISA em ordem decrescente: Cu, Mn, P, Mg, Fe, Zn e Ca.Resumo expandido
Concentração e hidrossolubilidade de macronutrientes em erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) coletada nas épocas de safra e safrinha.
Nitrogen sources on growth, production and quality of essential oil in cymbopogon citratus and cymbopogon flexuosus.
Poster 009. SBOE 2015
Indicadores biológicos de qualidade do solo em sistemas de rotação de culturas corrigidos com calcário.
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