DNA Bar-coding: A Novel Approach for Identifying an Individual Using Extended Levenshtein Distance Algorithm and STR analysis

DNA bar-coding is a technique that uses the short DNA nucleotide sequences from the standard genome of the species in order to find and group the species to which it belongs to. The species are identified by their DNA nucleotide sequences in the same way the items are recognized and billed in the supermarket using barcode scanner to scan the Universal Product Code of the items. Two items may look same to the untrained eye, but in both cases the barcodes are distinct. It was possible to create DNA-barcodes to characterize species by analysing DNA samples from fish, birds, mammals, plants, and invertebrates using Smith-waterman and Needleman-Wunsch algorithm. In this work we are creating human DNA barcode and implementing Extended Levenshtein distance algorithm along with STR analysis that uses less computation time compared to the previously used algorithms to measure the differential distance between the two DNA nucleotide sequences through which an individual can be identified

Innovative use of abdominoplasty specimen

Simulator training is important for understanding nipple–areolar complex reconstruction. Human tissue is the best tissue simulator for surgical training. Abdominoplasty specimen is a useful tissue simulator, which is suitable for practicing nipple–areolar complex reconstruction. It is similar to the natural mound created in breast reconstruction. Authors have shared their experience of using abdominoplasty specimen for simulator training of nipple–areolar complex reconstruction for plastic surgery residents. Abdominoplasty specimen is cost-effective, readily available, and an efficient tool for plastic surgery training for the residents

4 - Acetylpyridine - succinic acid cocrystal: Synthesis, X-ray structure, DFT and Hirshfeld surfaces analysis

A new cocrystal (ACP−SA) of 4−acetylpyridine (ACP) with succinic acid (SA) has been synthesized by slow evaporation method and characterized. The single crystal X-ray diffraction technique confirmed the coexistence of ACP and SA molecules in a 1:0.5 ratio in an asymmetric unit. The ACP−SA crystallizes in a monoclinic space group P21/n, with a = 9.0185(14) Å, b = 8.8955(14) Å, c = 10.9044(18) Å, β = 93.017(3)°, V = 873.6(2) Å3, Z = 4. Classical O−H⋯N and non classical C−H⋯O hydrogen bonds aid in stabilizing the supramolecular architecture of ACP−SA by creating D(2) and R44(22) motifs. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) computations were performed to get insights into the structure and intermolecular interactions of ACP−SA cocrystal. The TGA/DSC thermogram revealed that the cocrystal began to degrade at temperatures over 78 °C and retained its crystallinity up to 106 °C. The nature of the interactions and their contribution to the crystal packing is quantitatively measured using Quantum topological atoms in molecule (QTAIM), 3D Hirshfeld surfaces analysis and 2D fingerprint plots. The maximum percentage contribution of H⋯H (40%), O⋯H (32%) and C⋯H (11.6%) interactions were identified from Hirshfeld surfaces analysis. With the aid of both experimental and computational methods, the crystal packing and hydrogen bonding were examined.</p

The complete sequence of a human Y chromosome

The human Y chromosome has been notoriously difficult to sequence and assemble because of its complex repeat structure that includes long palindromes, tandem repeats and segmental duplications1-3. As a result, more than half of the Y chromosome is missing from the GRCh38 reference sequence and it remains the last human chromosome to be finished4,5. Here, the Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) consortium presents the complete 62,460,029-base-pair sequence of a human Y chromosome from the HG002 genome (T2T-Y) that corrects multiple errors in GRCh38-Y and adds over 30 million base pairs of sequence to the reference, showing the complete ampliconic structures of gene families TSPY, DAZ and RBMY; 41 additional protein-coding genes, mostly from the TSPY family; and an alternating pattern of human satellite 1 and 3 blocks in the heterochromatic Yq12 region. We have combined T2T-Y with a previous assembly of the CHM13 genome4 and mapped available population variation, clinical variants and functional genomics data to produce a complete and comprehensive reference sequence for all 24 human chromosomes

The complete sequence of a human Y chromosome.

The human Y chromosome has been notoriously difficult to sequence and assemble because of its complex repeat structure that includes long palindromes, tandem repeats and segmental duplications1-3. As a result, more than half of the Y chromosome is missing from the GRCh38 reference sequence and it remains the last human chromosome to be finished4,5. Here, the Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) consortium presents the complete 62,460,029-base-pair sequence of a human Y chromosome from the HG002 genome (T2T-Y) that corrects multiple errors in GRCh38-Y and adds over 30 million base pairs of sequence to the reference, showing the complete ampliconic structures of gene families TSPY, DAZ and RBMY; 41 additional protein-coding genes, mostly from the TSPY family; and an alternating pattern of human satellite 1 and 3 blocks in the heterochromatic Yq12 region. We have combined T2T-Y with a previous assembly of the CHM13 genome4 and mapped available population variation, clinical variants and functional genomics data to produce a complete and comprehensive reference sequence for all 24 human chromosomes