Cryotherapy Following Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid and Lugol's Iodine (Via/Vili) in Khwisero, Western Kenya: Lesson from the Field Affecting Policy and Practice

Background: Cervical cancer can be prevented and mortality/morbidity reduced by early detection and referral. Developing countries are likely to benefit from more cost effective methods of screening and treatment. Visual inspection with acetic acid and Lugol`s iodine (VIA/VILI) offers a see and treat solution thus an affordable and efficient way to identify pre-malignant lesions. Immediate treatment with cryotherapy can be offered if pre-malignant lesions are found on visual inspection. Cryotherapy is a simple procedure that is curative for dysplasia; it is likely to benefit cervical dysplasia cases picked early in resource poor settings, however there are several factors that hinder patients’ access to this noble technique.Objective: Determine hindrances to cryotherapy for patients following  positive results of VIA/VILI after referral.Design: Cross sectional StudySetting: Khwisero, Western Kenya.Subjects: Women attending a medical camp, willing to get screened for cervical cancer.Results: One hundred and nine patients were screened; seventy three (66.97%) were negative for VIA/VILI, twenty one (19.26%) were positive and referred for cryotherapy. Reasons for lack of follow up were financial constraints, lack of medical personnel at referral centres and poor access to the referral facilities.19.26% of women identified with positive lesions required intervention. No patient received cryotherapy following referral.Conclusion: There is urgent need for availability of cryotherapy machines and training of personnel who can perform cryotherapy at the primary care level. Regional studies on knowledge attitudes and practices about  VIA/VILI and cryotherapy are required to provide reasons for the poor uptake of this procedure

SELECCIÓN DE POSIBLES TALENTOS PARA PRUEBAS DE MEDIO FONDO DE ATLETISMO EN KENIA. - THE SELECTION OF POSSIBLE TALENTS FOR MIDDLE DISTANCE EVENTS OF ATHLETICS IN KENYA

 Resumen“La selección de talentos desempeña un papel fundamental para el inicio de la formación a largo plazo  de un atleta con perspectivas para el alto rendimiento, por lo que las  pruebas de ingreso a utilizar deben ser informativas y exigentes, independientemente de  las características de cada deporte”. Zatsiorski, V. M (1989). Metrología deportiva. En el presente trabajo  se trata de una metodología sustentada sobre argumentos científicos que ofrece indicadores motrices y antropométricos para seleccionar posibles talentos deportivos en atletismo en aria de las pruebas de Medio Fondo Categoría Cadete 15 -17 años para la provincia Rift valley de la República Democrática de Kenia.Key words: selección de talentos, motrices y antropométricosABSTACT“The talent selection plays the most important role for the initiation of a long term training process of athletes with high performance perspectives. Therefore the admission test should be informative and as demanding as possible in dependence of characteristics of a specific sport”. Zatsiorski, V. M (1989). Metrología deportiva.  The present sturdy is about a method based on scientific arguments which offers metric and anthropometric indicators for the selection of possible cadet (15-17 years of age) talents for the middle distance races in Rift Valley province of Democratic Republic of KenyaKey words: talent selection, metric and anthropometric

The do's, don't and don't knows of supporting transition to more independent practice

Introduction: Transitions are traditionally viewed as challenging for clinicians. Throughout medical career pathways, clinicians need to successfully navigate successive transitions as they become progressively more independent practitioners. In these guidelines, we aim to synthesize the evidence from the literature to provide guidance for supporting clinicians in their development of independence, and highlight areas for further research. Methods: Drawing upon D3 method guidance, four key themes universal to medical career transitions and progressive independence were identified by all authors through discussion and consensus from our own experience and expertise: workplace learning, independence and responsibility, mentoring and coaching, and patient perspectives. A scoping review of the literature was conducted using Medline database searches in addition to the authors’ personal archives and reference snowballing searches. Results: 387 articles were identified and screened. 210 were excluded as not relevant to medical transitions (50 at title screen; 160 at abstract screen). 177 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility; a further 107 were rejected (97 did not include career transitions in their study design; 10 were review articles; the primary references of these were screened for inclusion). 70 articles were included of which 60 provided extractable data for the final qualitative synthesis. Across the four key themes, seven do’s, two don’ts and seven don’t knows were identified, and the strength of evidence was graded for each of these recommendations. Conclusion: The two strongest messages arising from current literature are first, transitions should not be viewed as one moment in time: career trajectories are a continuum with valuable opportunities for personal and professional development throughout. Second, learning needs to be embedded in practice and learners provided with authentic and meaningful learning opportunities. In this paper, we propose evidence-based guidelines aimed at facilitating such transitions through the fostering of progressive independence

Students' expectations analysis before and after a curricular internship

The present study analyses the expectations of chemical engineering students towards their first professional experience before and after doing a curricular internship. This exploratory research applies to students from the last year of first cycle graduation from Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP) and it is based in the results of two similar questionnaires handed to students in two different moments: before starting and after completing the internship. Different items were classified by the students in a scale from 1 (very poor) to 5 (very good). The study considered a group of 44 students and refers to one academic year (2015/16). The results show that the students' expectations before starting the internship are globally very high (medians 4 and 5, for all items). Students' conclusions about real achievements (after ending the internship) are quite close to initial expectations, but for ten of 22 items, statistical differences were observed. In all these cases, the observed differences reflect only a slight decrease in the scores. This exploratory study confirms that the internship allows the students a better awareness of personal, technical and soft skills (self-evaluation) as well as of that first professional experience outcomes. Self-evaluation and real achievements are still very positively classified by the students after the internship, confirming the importance of this experience in their formation.The authors thank the Research Centre CIETI (Centro de Inovação em Engenharia e Tecnologia Industrial) and FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia in the scope of the projects COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and UID/CEC/00319-2013 for all the support providedinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio