792 research outputs found
Thermodynamics of condensed matter with strong pressure-energy correlations
We show that for any liquid or solid with strong correlation between its
virial and potential-energy equilibrium fluctuations, the temperature is
a product of a function of excess entropy per particle and a function of
density, . This implies that 1) the system's isomorphs (curves
in the phase diagram of invariant structure and dynamics) are described by
, 2) the density-scaling exponent is a function of
density only, 3) a Gr{\"u}neisen-type equation of state applies for the
configurational degrees of freedom. For strongly correlating atomic systems one
has in which the only non-zero terms are those
appearing in the pair potential expanded as . Molecular
dynamics simulations of Lennard-Jones type systems confirm the theory
Analysing Political Biases in Danish Newspapers Using Sentiment Analysis
Traditionally, the evaluation of political biases in Danish newspapers has been carried out throughhighly subjective methods. The conventional approach has been surveys asking samples of thepopulation to place various newspapers on the political spectrum, coupled with analysing votinghabits of the newspapers’ readers (Hjarvard, 2007). This paper seeks to examine whether it ispossible to use sentiment analysis to objectively assess political biases in Danish newspapers. Byusing the sentiment dictionary AFINN (Nielsen et al., 2011), the mean sentiment scores for 360articles was calculated. The articles were published in the Danish newspapers Berlingske andInformation and were all regarding the political parties Alternativet and Liberal Alliance. Asignificant interaction effect between the parties and newspapers was discovered. This effect wasmainly driven by Information’s coverage of the two parties. Moreover, Berlingske was found topublish a disproportionately greater number of articles concerning Liberal Alliance thanAlternativet. Based on these findings, an integration of sentiment analysis into the evaluation ofbiases in news outlets is proposed. Furthermore, future studies are suggested to construct datasetsfor evaluation of AFINN on news and to utilize web-mining methods to gather greater amounts ofdata in order to analyse more parties and newspapers
Fluctuations and scaling in creep deformation
The spatial fluctuations of deformation are studied in creep in the Andrade's
power-law and the logarithmic phases, using paper samples. Measurements by the
Digital Image Correlation technique show that the relative strength of the
strain rate fluctuations increases with time, in both creep regimes. In the
Andrade creep phase characterized by a power law decay of the strain rate
, with , the fluctuations obey
, with . The local
deformation follows a data collapse appropriate for an absorbing
state/depinning transition. Similar behavior is found in a crystal plasticity
model, with a jamming or yielding phase transition
Isomorphs in the phase diagram of a model liquid without inverse power law repulsion
It is demonstrated by molecular dynamics simulations that liquids interacting
via the Buckingham potential are strongly correlating, i.e., have regions of
their phase diagram where constant-volume equilibrium fluctuations in the
virial and potential energy are strongly correlated. A binary Buckingham liquid
is cooled to a viscous phase and shown to have isomorphs, which are curves in
the phase diagram along which structure and dynamics in appropriate units are
invariant to a good approximation. To test this, the radial distribution
function, and both the incoherent and coherent intermediate scattering function
are calculated. The results are shown to reflect a hidden scale invariance;
despite its exponential repulsion the Buckingham potential is well approximated
by an inverse power-law plus a linear term in the region of the first peak of
the radial distribution function. As a consequence the dynamics of the viscous
Buckingham liquid is mimicked by a corresponding model with purely repulsive
inverse-power-law interactions. The results presented here closely resemble
earlier results for Lennard-Jones type liquids, demonstrating that the
existence of strong correlations and isomorphs does not depend critically on
the mathematical form of the repulsion being an inverse power law.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figure
Scaling of viscous dynamics in simple liquids:theory, simulation and experiment
Supercooled liquids are characterized by relaxation times that increase
dramatically by cooling or compression. Many liquids have been shown to obey
power-law density scaling, according to which the relaxation time is a function
of density to some power over temperature. We show that power-law density
scaling breaks down for larger density variations than usually studied. This is
demonstrated by simulations of the Kob-Andersen binary Lennard-Jones mixture
and two molecular models, as well as by experimental results for two van der
Waals liquids. A more general form of density scaling is derived, which is
consistent with results for all the systems studied. An analytical expression
for the scaling function for liquids of particles interacting via generalized
Lennard-Jones potentials is derived and shown to agree very well with
simulations. This effectively reduces the problem of understanding the viscous
slowing down from being a quest for a function of two variables to a search for
a single-variable function.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
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