The Cost of Loneliness: Assessing the Social Relationships of the Elderly via an Abbreviated Sociotype Questionnaire for inside and outside the Clinic

Gauging the social relationships of the elderly is a significant sociometric research subject and a deep biomedical concern-particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic. It is imperative for facultatives in primary care, for geriatric clinics, and for social care services. In this respect, this article explores the validity of an abbreviated version of the Sociotype Questionnaire (SOCQ), a tool previously developed by the authors for assessing the social relationships of the general population, now specifically addressed to the elderly population. The aim is to construct a 4-item dichotomous scale (SOCG-4) out of the 12 items of the original scale of the SOCQ, so that it can serve to discriminate among the patients in primary care and the geriatric clinic, helping the facultative to find those in need of social care or of psychosocial intervention. The population data have been obtained from a series of previous studies on social relationships in different segments of the elderly population (Ntotal = 915). The resulting abbreviated version of SOCG-4 was extracted by means of confirmatory factor analysis, with the congruence, validity, and relationship with the determinants as close to optimal. The significant correlations with SOCQ (0.82), UCLA (-0.55), Barthel (0.40), and other relevant tests are obtained. The test was also put to trial in a pilot study, being applied to 150 subjects via phone surveys, home visiting, and geriatric clinic-it becomes particularly useful for assessing the social relationships in geriatric clinic use. The 4-item Geriatric Sociotype scale (SOCG-4) appears as a valid measurement instrument for use in the clinic and in other social care instances

Are you ready for retirement? The influence of values on membership in voluntary organizations in midlife and old age

Membership in voluntary organizations is associated with individual and social benefits. Due to the negative consequences of the global pandemic on older people, and the governmental challenges posed by population aging, voluntary membership is of great importance to society. To effectively promote volunteering among older people, it is necessary to understand the determinants of voluntary membership. This study analyses the influence of individual values—secular/traditional and survival/self-expression–on voluntary membership among European adults (N = 31,985). Specifically, it examines which values orient two age groups (middle age: 50–64 and old age: 65–79), as well as men and women toward a certain type of association (Social Awareness; Professional and Political; Education and Leisure; Religion). The sample of 31,985 comprises 60% of adults aged 50–64 and 40% aged 65–79; of which 56% are women and 44% men. The empirical estimation considers different levels of data aggregation: individual, national and welfare system, therefore multilevel analysis is used as an analytical strategy. Individual-level variables from the Integrated Values Survey (2005/09, 2010/14, and 2017/20) and national-level variables (Gini Index and Gross Domestic Product Per Capita) from the World Bank and Eurostat are used. The results indicate that traditional and self-expression values promote membership in voluntary organizations in general more than secular and survival values. However, there are differences according to the type of organization. Furthermore, values are found to moderate the effect of age and gender on voluntary membership

High astrometric precision in the calculation of the coordinates of orbiters in the Geo Ring

We present an astrometric method for the calculation of the positions of orbiters in the GEO ring with a high precision, through a rigorous astrometric treatment of observations with a 1-m class telescope, which are part of the CIDA survey of the GEO ring. We compute the distortion pattern to correct for the systematic errors introduced by the optics and electronics of the telescope, resulting in absolute mean errors of 0.16" and 0.12" in right ascension and declination, respectively. These correspond to ˜ 25 m at the mean distance of the GEO ring, and are thus good quality results

Bernardino Pardo y su señora Dolores Gil, fotógrafos

Objetivo. Conocer las características clínico/epidemiológicas de los pacientes fallecidos en los servicios de urgencias (SU) de Aragón (España) y su relación con el índice de comorbilidad de Charlson. Método. Estudio observacional descriptivo y transversal realizado con datos recogidos entre los años 2013-2017. Las variables se obtuvieron de la base de datos “Puesto clínico hospitalario” (PCH) y estas se relacionaron con el índice de comorbilidad de Charlson mediante el estadístico ji cuadrado (ajustado a un nivel de significación de p < 0, 05). Resultados. Se obtuvo un valor medio de 6, 58 en el índice de Charlson, con un total de 1.177 pacientes con valores mayores o igual a 7 puntos. La edad media fue de 81, 1 años (DE: 12, 1), con un 52, 1% de hombres. El tiempo medio de fallecimiento en el servicio fue de 639 (DE: 777) minutos. Se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la variable Índice de Charlson con la mayoría de variables de estudio, exceptuando el sexo y año de fallecimiento. Conclusiones. Los pacientes fallecidos en los SU de Aragón poseen elevados índices de comorbilidad. Entre estos se observa un grupo importante de pacientes con una elevada edad, alta frecuencia de patología crónica avanzada y polifarmacia. Se resalta la necesidad de incorporar estrategias de atención crónica y paliativa en los SU para este grupo cada vez más numeroso de pacientes por el progresivo envejecimiento poblacional. Objective. To describe the clinical and personal characteristics of patients who died in hospital emergency departments in Aragon, Spain, and explore associations with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Methods. Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study of deaths between 2013 and 2017. Data was extracted from the clinical database for hospital emergencies (official name, Puesto Clínico Hospitalario). Associations between variables and the CCI were explored with the ?2 test (significance level P&lt;.05). Results. The mean CCI was 6.58. A total of 1177 patients had CCIs of 7 or higher. The mean age was 81.1 years, and 52.1% were men. The mean (SD) time until death in the emergency department was 639 (777) minutes. The CCI was significantly associated with most clinical and personal variables studied, with the exception of sex and year. Conclusions. Patients who die in Aragon’s emergency departments have high levels of comorbidity. A large proportion of patients are of advanced age. Polypharmacy and advanced chronic conditions are common. We stress the need to implement emergency department approaches to ongoing and palliative care for this group, which is growing as the population ages

Memory in frames. Foreign women photographers in Aragon in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)

Modern photojournalism was born in the first decades of the 20th century with the triumph of illustrated magazines. Its success came after World War I, when the function of the press was modified, the modus operandi of journalists and the format of images changed. The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) produced a photographic narrative to seduce the viewer, influence their perception, and mobilize their ideological position. This evolution was led by professionals with an ideological commitment and high political involvement. Among them are also women whose names have been omitted or displaced in the history of Photography. In this context, the objective of this work is to analyze the contribution of Gerda Taro, Kati Horna, Vera Elkan, Agnes Hodgson and other women photographers who worked in Aragon during the civil war, whose work was a turning point in the history of the medium. The study of their biographies and their professional careers has been carried out through the systematic review of bibliographic, newspaper and archival sources, considering complementary approaches, coming from History, Cultural Studies and Documentation. Among the results, the knowledge of their biographies and their professional careers stands out.ndo enfoques disciplinarios complementarios, procedentes de la Historia, los Estudios Culturales y por supuesto, la Documentación. Entre los resultados alcanzados destaca el conocimiento de sus biografías, la contextualización de sus trayectorias profesionales y la caracterización de su obr

Subject-access metadata on ETD supplied by authors: A case study about keywords, titles and abstracts in a Brazilian academic repository

The keyword lists are rich in terminology and as such, they are also characterized by great semantic ambiguity, which presents the problems of synonymy and polysemy typical of uncontrolled language, which is both an advantage and a drawback. However, assigning keywords has gained particular importance in the current open scientific communication ecosystem in digital environments, mainly in the academic dissertation and repositories of theses. This article reports a study on the organization of knowledge, using subject-access metadata of master''s theses from the digital repository of the University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil, applying analytical techniques to a big amount of data. The objective was to analyze the number of keywords in each record and keywords repeated in the title and abstracts of the dissertations in Portuguese and English. The analysis of the 48, 501 metadata records of master''s theses submitted to the repository, between 2001 and 2019, presents a total of 223, 867 keywords in Portuguese, with an average of 4.62 keywords per record, and a total of 216, 521 keywords in English, equivalent to an average of 4.59 per record. Although, the attribution of keywords in Portuguese and English by the author is an economic way to expand access to the content of theses and dissertations in institutional repositories, it is necessary to define rules for authors about the choice of keywords and the preparation of the abstract, as well as its translation into English. The task of controlling keywords requires a partnership between authors and librarians who can enrich the quality of indexing languages

El arte de mirar: cuatro generaciones de fotógrafos Aracil

Se estudia a los fotógrafos de la familia Aracil, cuatro generaciones dedicadas al medio fotográfico en Linares (Jaén), Infantes (Ciudad Real), Barcelona, Zaragoza, Madrid, San Sebastián y Tafalla (Navarra), a lo largo de un siglo: José Aracil Pérez; su hijo José Aracil Tovar; la esposa de este, Matilde López Anula y sus hijos, León, Ángel, Pedro e Isaac Aracil López, así como Matilde Aracil, hija de Ángel. Se ubican las ciudades donde trabajaron, el contexto en el que lo hicieron y se identifica la obra conservada hasta nuestros días. El estudio se realiza mediante el análisis de fuentes archivísticas, hemerográficas y bibliográficas como anuarios y guías nacionales, regionales y locales. Entre los resultados alcanzados destaca el conocimiento de sus biografías, la contextualización de sus trayectorias profesionales y la caracterización de su obra

Positive Psychology: Supervisor Leadership in Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in Nurses

Introduction: In nursing, identifying factors encouraging positive work attitudes is ex-tremely important since a nurse’s performance directly impacts the quality of the care they provide, and, therefore, their patients’ health. Objective: The main objective of this research is to analyze whether the supervisor–nurse relationship is positively correlated with a nurse’s organizational citizenship behaviors. Thus, we established a main hypothesis as follows: the quality of the supervi-sor–nurse interpersonal relationship is positively related to the job satisfaction of the nurse, controlled by moderating the effects of psychological empowerment, the perceived organizational sup-port, and leader–leader exchange. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with individuals as the units of analysis. The population studied comprised all the nurses and supervisors working in nine public hospitals in the autonomous community of Aragon (Spain). The sample con-sisted of 2541 nurses, 192 supervisors, and 2500 paired dyads. Self-report questionnaires were used to ensure workers’ anonymity. The dependent variable was the nurse’s organizational citizenship behaviors; the main independent variable was the supervisor’s leadership; the moderating variables were the nurse’s empowerment, the organizational support the nurse perceived, and the quality of the supervisor–superior relationship. Results: Empirical evidence demonstrates that the quality of the supervisor–nurse relationship is positively correlated with organizational citizenship behaviors. The results also confirm the moderating effect of nurses’ empowerment and of the organizational support they perceive. Discussion: Our research shows how important it is for organizations to es-tablish management practices promoting high-quality nurse–supervisor relationships; thus, hospital management should monitor both the supervisors’ performance and leadership. Conclusions: The quality of the relationship the supervisor establishes with their nurses is vitally important since it is a necessary requirement for beneficial results for the organization as a result of citizenship behavior practice