127 research outputs found
Impaired bidirectional communication between interneurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells affects social cognitive behavior
Cortical neural circuits are complex but very precise networks of balanced excitation and
inhibition. Yet, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that form the balance are just
beginning to emerge. Here, using conditional γ-aminobutyric acid receptor B1- deficient mice
we identify a γ-aminobutyric acid/tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 12-mediated
bidirectional communication pathway between parvalbumin-positive fast spiking interneurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells that determines the density and function of
interneurons in the developing medial prefrontal cortex. Interruption of the GABAergic signaling to oligodendrocyte precursor cells results in reduced myelination and hypoactivity of
interneurons, strong changes of cortical network activities and impaired social cognitive
behavior. In conclusion, glial transmitter receptors are pivotal elements in finetuning distinct
brain functions
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Detecting T-cell Reactivity to Whole Cell Vaccines
BCR-ABL K562 cells hold clinical promise as a component of cancer vaccines, either as bystander cells genetically modified to express immunostimulatory molecules, or as a source of leukemia antigens. To develop a method for detecting T-cell reactivity against K562 cell-derived antigens in patients, we exploited the dendritic cell (DC)-mediated cross-presentation of proteins generated from apoptotic cells. We used UVB irradiation to consistently induce apoptosis of K562 cells, which were then fed to autologous DCs. These DCs were used to both stimulate and detect antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell reactivity. As proof-of-concept, we used cross-presented apoptotic influenza matrix protein-expressing K562 cells to elicit reactivity from matrix protein-reactive T cells. Likewise, we used this assay to detect increased anti-CML antigen T-cell reactivity in CML patients that attained long-lasting clinical remissions following immunotherapy (donor lymphocyte infusion), as well as in 2 of 3 CML patients vaccinated with lethally irradiated K562 cells that were modified to secrete high levels of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). This methodology can be readily adapted to examine the effects of other whole tumor cell-based vaccines, a scenario in which the precise tumor antigens that stimulate immune responses are unknown
Collective agency and the concept of ‘public’ in public involvement: A practice-oriented analysis
Expressão da enzima indoleamina-2,3-dioxigenase em truta arco-íris (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
The prevalence of ACPA is lower in rheumatoid arthritis patients with an older age of onset but the composition of the ACPA response appears identical
International project finance: review and implications for international finance and international business
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