An Exploration of Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Association between Perfectionism and Disordered Eating in College Students

Perfectionism is a robust risk factor for eating disorders (EDs). Although individually-oriented dimensions of perfectionism are strongly related to eating pathology, less is known about the contribution of parent-oriented dimensions, specifically parental expectations (PE) and parental criticisms (PC). Further, few studies have investigated these effects within racially/ethnically diverse samples. However, PE and PC might be particularly relevant to eating pathology among certain cultural groups, such as those from collectivistic and interdependent societies. This study examined associations among PE, PC, and ED symptoms across racial/ethnic groups. Undergraduates (N=706; 74.8% Female; 48% White, 19.8% Black, 7.1% Latinx, 16% Asian, 9.1% multiracial) completed online surveys assessing perfectionism and ED symptoms. Multiple and logistic regressions examined the association between parent-oriented perfectionism, global eating pathology, loss-of-control (LOC) eating, purging behaviors, and ED risk status (EDE-Q global \u3c 4.0). Analyses were conducted by racial/ethnic group, controlling for gender. Both PE and PC were related to greater ED pathology in students identifying as White (pp=.03), Asian (p=.02), and multiracial (pp=.19). Higher PC was related to a greater likelihood of endorsing LOC eating in White (p=.004) and Black students (p=.05) and purging behaviors in White (p=.004), Asian (p=.04), and multiracial students (p=.03). Greater PC was also associated with ED risk in Asian (p=.03) and multiracial participants (p=.01). Findings indicate that the relations between specific aspects of parent-oriented perfectionism differ among cultural groups and are associated with ED symptoms in college students. PC seemed more relevant to ED pathology than did PE overall. Findings suggest that parent-oriented perfectionism, particularly PC, might be important to include in clinical assessment and treatment with students at-risk of EDs.https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/gradposters/1039/thumbnail.jp

Survey of End-to-End Mobile Network Measurement Testbeds, Tools, and Services

Mobile (cellular) networks enable innovation, but can also stifle it and lead to user frustration when network performance falls below expectations. As mobile networks become the predominant method of Internet access, developer, research, network operator, and regulatory communities have taken an increased interest in measuring end-to-end mobile network performance to, among other goals, minimize negative impact on application responsiveness. In this survey we examine current approaches to end-to-end mobile network performance measurement, diagnosis, and application prototyping. We compare available tools and their shortcomings with respect to the needs of researchers, developers, regulators, and the public. We intend for this survey to provide a comprehensive view of currently active efforts and some auspicious directions for future work in mobile network measurement and mobile application performance evaluation.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials. arXiv does not format the URL references correctly. For a correctly formatted version of this paper go to http://www.cs.montana.edu/mwittie/publications/Goel14Survey.pd

A transport model of the turbulent scalar-velocity

Performance tests of the third-order turbulence closure for predictions of separating and recirculating flows in backward-facing steps were studied. Computations of the momentum and temperature fields in the flow domain being considered entail the solution of time-averaged transport equations containing the second-order turbulent fluctuating products. The triple products, which are responsible for the diffusive transport of the second-order products, attain greater significance in separating and reattaching flows. The computations are compared with several algebraic models and with the experimental data. The prediction was improved considerably, particularly in the separated shear layer. Computations are further made for the temperature-velocity double products and triple products. Finally, several advantages were observed in the usage of the transport equations for the evaluation of the turbulence triple products; one of the most important features is that the transport model can always take the effects of convection and diffusion into account in strong convective shear flows such as reattaching separated layers while conventional algebraic models cannot account for these effects in the evaluation of turbulence variables

Studies on developing limbs in chick and mouse embryos

1. Differentiation of epiphyseal cartilage in developing hind limb -buds of chick and mouse has been studied, both by light and electron microscopy. Similar studies have been carried out on cartilage of chick differentiated in tissue culture. Results were also obtained by autoradiography using proline-H³ in tissue culture, cytochemistry for glycogen and RNA, and immunology. Effects of hydrocortisone on developing limbs of the chick were also studied.2. The results indicate that during differentiation of chondrogenic cells the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus become very well developed. There is also a decrease in the nucleo- cytoplasmic ratio, and the nucleus no longer occupies the centre of the cell. The general electron density of the cells increases and there is a change in the outline of the cell from smooth to scalloped. Some cytosomes (i.e. vacuolar bodies which may contain vesicles or other unidentified structures) are formed.3. The endoplasmic reticulum in chondroblasts as well as in chondrocytf-s shows three types of profile - rough cisternal, both elongated and saccular (up to c.5μ across) and smooth vesicular - all filled with moderately electron -dense amorphous material. The cisternae have been seen to be directly continuous with the outer nuclear membrane, Golgi apparatus and plasmalemma, indicating that the various components of the membrane system are to some extent interconvertible. Feed -back control of nuclear activity by the contents of the endoplasmic reticulum is suggested.4. The juxtanuclear Golgi apparatus of cartilage cells shows three types of profile - lamellar, vesicular and large vacuolar (up to 1.2µ across). The lamellae and the vesicles contain moderately electron -dense material, but the vacuoles are usually electron- translucent in early chondroblasts and contain a chondrogen granule, in late chondroblasts and chondrocytes. The substructure of the chondrogen granule shows smaller granules with attached fibrils, which resemble similar elements of the extracellular phase.5. The synthesis of glycogen is a feature of chondrogenesis in the epiphyseal cartilage of the mouse, and the amount of glycogen increases with progressive differentiation. In contrast, only a small amount of glycogen was seen in chick, and it was confined to a few cells of diaphysis.6. Chondroblasts differentiated in tissue culture, as compared to those differentiated in vivo, have a greater number of cytosomes and often show some intracytoplasmic fibrils. The contents of the cytosomes are also more heterogeneous.7. In the last stages of differentiation, two hypes of hypertrophy are found. In the mouse, there is a progressive increase in the general electron density and in glycogen content of the cells, while in the chick, the general electron density reaches a maximum in chondrocytes and decreases during hypertrophy, so that the hypertrophied chondrocytes appear rather electron - translucent; and, their cytoplasmic organelles also undergo degeneration.8. The amount of the extracellular phase increases with progressive differentiation and is very extensive in fully -formed cartilage. In the mesenchyme the extracellular phase is hyaline, but in the fully -formed cartilage, it appears under the electron microscope as an amorphous ground substance with fibres and granules. The fibres are usually 15 - 20 imp. thick and some of them show a faint periodicity, of 9 mit in chick, and 5.5 mp. in mouse. In chick chondrogenesis the fibres appear slightly earlier than the granules. The chemical nature of the fibres and granules is discussed and it is suggested that the fibres are almost certainly collagenous, whereas the granules contain accumulations of protein- polysaccharides.9. Synthesis and secretion of the contents of the extracellular phase have been investigated, both by autoradiographic and morphological studies, and the findings are discussed with particular reference to the contents of the Golgi vacuoles and endoplasmic reticulum, and to the process of excortication. It is suggested that, in cartilage, the non -collagenous protein, after synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum, is combined with the polysaccharides in the Golgi apparatus and then secreted; whereas the collagen is directly secreted out of the endoplasmic reticulum.10. The immunological studies indicate that the saline -soluble fraction of embryoni,: chick cartilage is very weakly antigenic.11. Hydrocortisone acetate, when injected into 3 or 4-day-old chick embryos, caused necrosis in limb-bud mesenchyme (primary effect), after a further incubation of 24 hours. The necrotic centres usually appeared in the central and subapical mesenchyme. Similar treatment of 4-day-old embryos with higher doses (7.5 mg/egg) caused, in addition, haemorrhage in limb-buds, micromelia (secondary effects), and a slight retardation in growth. The mechanisms of phagocytosis and necrosis, due to hydrocortisone treatment, were investigated and are discussed.12. The distribution of RNA in the chick limb -buds was studied, using methyl green-pyronin staining and RNAse digestion

Cascades: A view from Audience

Cascades on online networks have been a popular subject of study in the past decade, and there is a considerable literature on phenomena such as diffusion mechanisms, virality, cascade prediction, and peer network effects. However, a basic question has received comparatively little attention: how desirable are cascades on a social media platform from the point of view of users? While versions of this question have been considered from the perspective of the producers of cascades, any answer to this question must also take into account the effect of cascades on their audience. In this work, we seek to fill this gap by providing a consumer perspective of cascade. Users on online networks play the dual role of producers and consumers. First, we perform an empirical study of the interaction of Twitter users with retweet cascades. We measure how often users observe retweets in their home timeline, and observe a phenomenon that we term the "Impressions Paradox": the share of impressions for cascades of size k decays much slower than frequency of cascades of size k. Thus, the audience for cascades can be quite large even for rare large cascades. We also measure audience engagement with retweet cascades in comparison to non-retweeted content. Our results show that cascades often rival or exceed organic content in engagement received per impression. This result is perhaps surprising in that consumers didn't opt in to see tweets from these authors. Furthermore, although cascading content is widely popular, one would expect it to eventually reach parts of the audience that may not be interested in the content. Motivated by our findings, we posit a theoretical model that focuses on the effect of cascades on the audience. Our results on this model highlight the balance between retweeting as a high-quality content selection mechanism and the role of network users in filtering irrelevant content

Performance Evaluation of Rarem Dam

28.0 m high zoned Rarem dam in Indonesia was instrumented with hydraulic piezometers, electrical Carlson type piezometers Cassagrande type vertical stand pipe piezometers, inclinometers, and surface settlement points. The analysis of observational data has indicated that settlement took place almost simultaneously with construction of dam and reservoir filling. Very low construction pore pressures were observed and phreatic line developed almost simultaneously with reservoir filling. The results of efficiency of grout curtain based on electrical analogy model studies are also discussed in the paper

Decremental All-Pairs ALL Shortest Paths and Betweenness Centrality

We consider the all pairs all shortest paths (APASP) problem, which maintains the shortest path dag rooted at every vertex in a directed graph G=(V,E) with positive edge weights. For this problem we present a decremental algorithm (that supports the deletion of a vertex, or weight increases on edges incident to a vertex). Our algorithm runs in amortized O(\vstar^2 \cdot \log n) time per update, where n=|V|, and \vstar bounds the number of edges that lie on shortest paths through any given vertex. Our APASP algorithm can be used for the decremental computation of betweenness centrality (BC), a graph parameter that is widely used in the analysis of large complex networks. No nontrivial decremental algorithm for either problem was known prior to our work. Our method is a generalization of the decremental algorithm of Demetrescu and Italiano [DI04] for unique shortest paths, and for graphs with \vstar =O(n), we match the bound in [DI04]. Thus for graphs with a constant number of shortest paths between any pair of vertices, our algorithm maintains APASP and BC scores in amortized time O(n^2 \log n) under decremental updates, regardless of the number of edges in the graph.Comment: An extended abstract of this paper will appear in Proc. ISAAC 201