Removal of Tannic Acid From Aqueous Solution by Cloud Point Extraction and Investigation of Surfactant Regeneration by Microemulsion Extraction

The aim of this work is the extraction of tannic acid (TA) with two commercial nonionic surfactants, separately: Lutensol ON 30 and Triton X-114 (TX-114).The experimental cloud point extraction results are expressed by four responses to surfactant concentration and temperature variations: extent of TA extraction (E), remaining solute (X s,w) and surfactant (X t,w) concentrations in dilute phase and volume fraction of coacervate (Φc) at equilibrium. An empirical smoothing method was used and the results are represented on three dimensional plots. In optimal conditions, the extraction extent of TA reaches 95 and 87 % using TX-114 and Lutensol ON 30, respectively. Sodium sulfate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) addition and pH effect are also studied. Finally, the possibility of recycling of the surfactant is proved

Indicateurs de performance pour la gestion patrimoniale des réseaux d'assainissement urbains. T.1 Modèles d'évaluation d' indicateurs de dysfonctionnement à partir des inspections visuelles. Mise au point des modèles d'évaluation et procédure de calage des modèles. Projet INDIGAU- ANR RGC-U

[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]GEUSILe projet INDIGAU (indicateurs de performance pour la gestion patrimoniale des réseaux d'assainissement urbains, 2007-2010) a été financé par l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) dans le cadre de l'appel à projet PGCU 2006 (Génie Civil & Urbain). L'objectif général du projet était la mise au point de modèles d'évaluation des performances pouvant tirer profit de sources d'informations multiples : résultats des inspections visuelles des conduites, données de l'autosurveillance des réseaux, données relatives à la vulnérabilité des environnements urbains et aquatiques, etc. Plus précisément nous avons répondu à six objectifs complémentaires de R&D. Volet 1 interpréter les résultats des inspections visuelles : trois raisonnements sont proposés pour évaluer un indicateur à partir d'une inspection : reconnaissance de défauts majeurs, quantification de l'état du tronçon et comparaison avec trois valeurs seuils, identification d'une zone de concentration d'anomalies. Pour la fixation des seuils, un critère de calage prend en compte les spécificités du patrimoine étudié. La procédure s'appuie sur des avis d'experts. En complément nous proposons un protocole d'étude de sensibilité. Trois prototypes informatiques ont été élaborés : indigau-conversion, indigau-inspection, indigau-critères

Indicateurs de performance pour la gestion patrimoniale des réseaux d'assainissement urbains. T8 évaluation des impacts en fonction des vulnérabilités. Projet INDIGAU ANR RGC-U recommandations pour l'évaluation économique des impacts

Ce rapport reprend les résultats de la tâche 8. En partant des impacts proposés dans la méthodologie RERAU, l'objectif de ce travail était d'apporter une réponse aux tableaux à 3 ou 4 niveaux proposés par (Le Gauffre et alii, 2004). Nous avions pour ambition d'utiliser dès que possible une évaluation économique pour donner cette réponse. Ce rapport présente donc l'ensemble des résultats issus de la recherche bibliographique: - d'une part, sur l'évaluation d'impacts de dysfonctionnement dans les réseaux d'assainissement, notamment du projet CARE-S, -d'autre part sur les méthodes d'évaluation identifiées en économie de l'environnement appliquées au domaine de l'eau ou non que nous avons essayé d'appliquer à notre problématique. C'est ainsi qu'a été appliquée la méthode « d'analyse conjointe » pour évaluer l'impact des inondations aux intangibles et l'impact odeur

The nodule conductance to O-2 diffusion increases with high phosphorus content in the Phaseolus vulgaris-rhizobia symbiosis

Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699International audienceAlthough recent studies have addressed the effects of phosphorus (P) deficiency on nodule O-2 permeability, little attention has been given to the relationship between nodule P status and nodule permeability. To study these traits, four recombinant inbred lines, namely RILs 34, 83, 115, 147 and one local variety (Concesa) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) were inoculated with RhM11 (a native rhizobial strain from Haouz area of Marrakesh), and grown in hydroaeroponic culture under P-sufficiency (250 mu mol P plant(-1) week(-1)) versus P-deficiency (75 mu mol P plant(-1) week(-1)) conditions. At the flowering stage, the biomass of plants and nodules and their P contents was determined after measuring O-2 uptake by nodulated roots (Conr) and nodule conductance to O-2 diffusion (g(n)). The results showed that P-deficiency significantly decreased plant growth and nodulation, though there were differences between bean genotypes. P-deficiency also induced a decrease in nodule P content (31%) in both sensitive (83, 147) and tolerant lines (34, 115), a 42 and 27% reduction in shoots of sensitive and tolerant lines, respectively. These decreases were associated with significant variations in nodule surface and O-2 permeability among bean genotypes and P-nutrition. Under P-deficiency, gn increased more for the sensitive (39%) than for the tolerant lines (27%). This increase was linked with a rise both in the P levels in nodules and shoots, as well as in the efficiency of symbiotic nitrogen fixation as determined by nodule-dependent biomass production for the sensitive lines. Furthermore, positive correlations were found between O-2 permeability, gn and P content both in nodules and shoots (r(2)=0.94** and r(2)=0.96**). We conclude that nodule variations in Conr and gn are related to nodule P content, and may contribute to the adaptation of energy metabolism in N-2-fixing bean nodules to P-deficiency

Nodule phosphorus requirement and O-2 uptake in common bean genotypes under phosphorus deficiency

Acta Agric. Scand. Sect. B-Soil Plant Sci. ISI Document Delivery No.: 820FE Times Cited: 5 Cited Reference Count: 29 Bargaz, Adnane Drevon, Jean-Jacques Oufdou, Khalid Mandri, Btissam Faghire, Mustapha Ghoulam, Cherki Prad [06-08] This work was supported by PRAD project No 06-08. The authors wish to thank Michael Clairotte, Hesham Aslan Attar (INRA, Montpellier) for help in the N and P analysis, and Helene Vailhe (INRA, Montpellier) for her technical assistance. Taylor & francis as Oslo Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699International audienceThe effect of P deficiency on nodulation, nodule P content, nodule O-2 permeability and N fixation rates in Phaseolus vulgaris-rhizobia symbiosis was studied under glasshouse conditions. Four recombinant inbred lines (L34, L83, L115 and L147) and one variety cultivated in Morocco (Concesa) were inoculated with Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899 in hydroaeroponic culture. Two P levels i.e. 75 (deficient level) and 250 mu mol plant(-1) week(-1) P (sufficient level) were applied and the trial was assessed 42 days after transplanting that coincide with plant flowering stage. Under P-deficiency, decrease of plant growth (18%) and nodule biomass (19%) was detected and significantly pronounced in the sensitive line L147 compared with the remaining genotypes. Additionally, under P-deficiency, the efficiency in use of rhizobial symbiosis, estimated by the slope of the regression model of shoot biomass as a function of nodule biomass, was significantly increased in the four lines. This constraint did not significantly influence nodule P content in Concesa, but it was 24 and 41% lower in the tolerant and in the sensitive lines, respectively. Nodule P content was positively correlated to nodule biomass, r = 0.75, and shoot N, r = 0.92. These genotypic variations were associated with variability in nodule O-2 permeability that was significantly affected by the P level-bean genotype interaction. Under P-deficiency, nodule O-2 permeability was significantly reduced in the tested genotypes and accompanied with a decrease in shoot N content, especially in the sensitive lines (35%). Moreover, the ratios plant N fixed: nodule P content and plant N fixed: nodule dry weight were affected under P-deficiency in four lines with an exception observed in Concesa. Depending on the observed data we concluded that N-2 fixation efficiency could be influenced by nodulation and level of nodule P requirement which depend on both bean genotypes and P level