Corn Can Be Too Hard

After hybrid corn became popular many farmers decided that some varieties were too hard to feed successfully to beef cattle. At the Iowa Station we boiled the problem down to hard corn vs. soft corn- instead of hybrid vs. open-pollinated- and found in our first year\u27s test that soft corn is superior for cattle feeding

Ear Corn Silage Pays

Farmers who are caught with immature corn can still feed cattle by making ear corn silage out of their high-moisture corn. That\u27s the principal conclusion we have reached from our 1945-46 cattle feeding tests

Good Beef From Silage

When we planned our cattle feeding tests in the fall of 1944 at the Iowa Station we did not know that Iowa would have some soft corn this year. But these tests point the way for good gains and satisfactory finish with corn silage and a limited amount of shelled corn. This test was made with medium to good grade native steers

Old Corn Into Beef

Will old corn-2, 3, 4 years old—produce as good results in fattening steers as the most recent crop of corn? That question has been pondered by a good many cattle feeders. Some of the feeders have reported that the old corn had not given them as good results as newer

Chop Hay for Steers?

One of the newer methods of making hay, chopping it in the field or as it comes from the field and putting it in the barn or stacking it, has gained considerable popularity with some Iowa farmers who feed cattle

1944 Cattle Feeding Tests

In our cattle feeding experiments this year, which ended the first of June, we followed up our tests of the past 2 years in which we were trying to find out whether it pays to chop hay for fattening steers and whether limited grain feeding with good quality steers would pay during this war period. There were other questions too that we wanted to answer if possible such as: In chopping hay for steers, should it be coarse or fine? How long a period should good quality yearling steers be fed

More Pigs with Alfalfa Meal

Alfalfa meal or ground alfalfa hay can help keep down little pig costs in feeding sows this winter and spring

When Feedings Hogs

Making corn go farther this year means food for a lot of people who need it

Freeform Bioprinting of Liver Encapsulated in Alginate Hydrogels Tissue Constructs for Pharmacokinetic Study

An in vitro model that can be realistically and inexpensively used to predict human response to various drug administration and toxic chemical exposure is needed. By fabricating a microscale 3D physiological tissue construct consisting of an array of channels and tissue-embedded chambers, one can selectively develop various biomimicking mammalian tissues for a number of pharmaceutical applications, for example, experimental pharmaceutical screening for drug efficacy and toxicity along with apprehending the disposition and metabolic profile of a candidate drug. This paper addresses issues relating to the development and implementation of a bioprinting process for freeform fabrication of a 3D cell-encapsulated hydrogel-based tissue construct, the direct integration onto a microfluidic device for pharmacokinetic study, and the underlying engineering science for the fabrication of a 3D microscale tissue chamber as well as its application in pharmacokinetic study. To this end, a prototype 3D microfluidic tissue chamber embedded with liver cells encapsulated within a hydrogel matrix construct is bioprinted as a physiological in vitro model for pharmacokinetic study. The developed fabrication processes are further validated and parameters optimized by assessing cell viability and liver cell phenotype, in which metabolic and synthetic liver functions are quantitated.Mechanical Engineerin