Neuroimagen del linfoma primario del sistema nervioso central en pacientes inmunodeprimidos

ResumenObjetivosEl linfoma primario del sistema nervioso central (LPSNC) es una entidad rara con un pronóstico fatal. Dado el aumento en el número de casos con inmunosupresión adquirida, nuestros objetivos son estudiar las características epidemiológicas y neurorradiológicas de aquellos pacientes inmunodeprimidos con diagnóstico de LPSNC con afectación cerebral e investigar si existen diferencias entre los pacientes con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) positivo y negativo.Materiales y métodosSe realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de los pacientes inmunodeprimidos con afectación cerebral por LPSNC, diagnosticados durante los últimos 13 años en 2 hospitales de referencia. Se evaluaron múltiples variables. El nivel de significación estadística utilizado fue p<0,05.ResultadosEl grupo VIH-positivo tenía una media de edad de 36,82±5,4 años, frente a los 55,60 ± 21,43 años de los pacientes VIH-negativo (p<0,022). Los pacientes VIH-positivo tuvieron una media de 1,27 ± 0,65 lesiones por paciente, mientras que en el grupo VIH-negativo fue de 2,60 ± 1,78 (p<0,039). El 18,2% (n=2) del grupo VIH-positivo y el 80% (n=8) del grupo VIH-negativo presentaron lesiones homogéneas (p<0,005). Ningún paciente VIH-positivo tuvo afectación del cuerpo calloso, pero el grupo VIH-negativo presentó un 50% (n=5) de afectación (p<0,012).ConclusionesEl LPSNC en pacientes inmunodeprimidos puede presentar múltiples características en las imágenes. Existen diferencias entre los pacientes VIH positivo y negativo, por lo que es importante reconocerlas para establecer un manejo y tratamiento diferente entre ambos grupos.AbstractPurposesPrimary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare tumour with poor prognosis. Due to the increased number of patients with acquired immunodeficiency, our purposes are to describe epidemiological and imaging findings in immunodeficient patients with PCNSL of the brain and to study the differences between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with PCNSL.Materials and methodsA retrospective, descriptive study was performed with immunodeficient patients diagnosed of PCNSL of the brain during the last 13 years in two reference hospitals. Twenty-one patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Multiple variables were evaluated. Significance was defined as p<0.05.ResultsHIV-positive group was a mean age of 36,82±5,4 years and the mean age in HIV-negative group was 55,60±21,43 years (p<0,022). The mean number of lesions was 1,27±0,65 in HIV-positive group and 2,60±1,78 in HIV-negative group (p<0,039). The lesions were homogeneous in 18,2% (n=2) HIV-positive group and 80% (n=8) in HIV-negative group (p<0,005). No HIV-positive patient and 50% (n=5) of HIV-negative patients showed corpus callosum involvement (p<0,012).ConclusionsPCNSL in immunodeficient patients is associated with a large spectrum of radiological findings. There were differences between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients, is important recognize these differences as the therapeutic management of these two groups vary

Reparación de revocos de morteros. Nuevos documentos normativos de AENOR

The facades of buildings operating procedures often pass through the conservation and restoration of mortar renderings, which currently have been the subject of new normative documents of AENOR, which is responsible for the development of standardization in Spain. Repair techniques are described in this paper, which is part of the PNE 41807 IN report which will be published at the end of 2012, taking into account that each case must be accompanied by a specific study of the problem to deal with in order to get a proper repair, to achieve the best results in the conservation of the historic buildings or not.Los procedimientos de actuación en las fachadas de edificios muchas veces pasan por la conservación y restauración de revocos de mortero, que actualmente han sido objeto de nuevos documentos normativos de AENOR, que es la entidad responsable del desarrollo de la Normalización en España. En este escrito, que forma parte del Informe PNE 41807 IN que saldrá publicado a finales del 2012, se describen las técnicas de reparación, teniendo en cuenta que cada caso concreto deberá ir acompañado de un estudio específico del problema a abordar con objeto de lograr una adecuada reparación, de forma que se logren los mejores resultados en la conservación de las edificaciones, sean éstas de interés histórico o no

Dynamics of Organic Carbon Molecules in Oxbow Lakes of Gangetic Plains

The Ganges Delta is a key area where elemental contamination of groundwater constitutes a human catastrophe. The delta plain geomorphology comprises a large number of abandoned meander bends or oxbow lakes (Donselaar et al., 2017; Ghosh et al., 2021) characterized by an anoxic environment in the lower part of the lake water column (hypolimnion). Here we present the critical role of these abandoned-river channels forming oxbow lakes. The geomorphological the juxtaposition of (a) abandoned channels (or: oxbow lakes) where the cocktail of organic matter and sediment leads to the release of various elements, (b) the topographically higher point bars where the released elements accumulate in the aquifer and provide a blueprint to explain the origin and localization of elemental toxicity. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is implicated in the mobilization of elements via microbial metabolic processes. Organic matter (OM) is preserved in this environment and provides a perfect environment for microbial oxidation and mobilization of Fe-oxides. Additional deposition of human-introduced sewage wastes adds to a rich source of nutrients to the indigenous microbial communities.A multidisciplinary approach was effective in understanding the geomorphology of river meanders, forming abandoned channels, which act as a growth bed for biomass. While acting as an incubator for primary production (lake vegetation dynamics), and subsequent organic debris accumulation (anoxic, hypolimnion water column), where selective preferential preservation of organic carbon compound (anoxic sediment base) occur. We have described how organic compound infiltration, deposition and abundance depends on their hydrophobicity, molecular weights and bioavailability and further, due to diagenetic alteration (microbial metabolic oxidation). Different classes of surface derived organic carbon from vegetation with anthropogenic inputs, can have different effects on the mineral weathering and in controlling the downstream cationic fluxes such as Fe, Mn, As, F etc. and contamination of aquifers in various river plains across the world.Applied Geolog