Effect of pipe diameter in piping system using acoustic emission technique

This project was carried out as a study of effect of pipe diameter different and different pressure in piping system by using Acoustic Emission technique. The objective of this research is to investigate the flow rate in the piping system due to the pipe diameter difference and pressure different and evaluates type of signal produce from the acoustic emission technique for each type of pipe diameter in piping systems. A test rigs consist of a galvanized steel pipe that have two different diameters to run the experiments. The liquid that has been used is water and it controlled by the ball valve to setting the three different pressures. The source of the AE signal was from the ball valve that controlled the pressure but the effect of different diameter also play it roll because it can give a different flow rate that will show either the flow of water is low or high turbulent flow. The signal was captured using AE sensor with help of Acoustic Emission Detector 2.1.3 software. For all pipe diameter and pressure, the values of hits, counts and RMS (average, minimum and maximum) were recorded and analyzed. All the value recorded was compared to the different of pipe diameter and different pressure. The result shows that there almost no AE activities on the pipe that has big diameter compare to the smaller one. The conclusion has shown that the big pipe diameter will secure the safety because of the flow of the water that enter the pipe is low in flow rate and produced low turbulent flow compare to the small pipe diameter

Isokinetic muscle strengthening after acquired cerebral damage: A literature review

AbstractObjectiveIsokinetic strengthening is a rehabilitation technique rarely used in stroke patients. However, the potential benefits of force and endurance training in this population are strongly suspected.MethodThis literature review synthesizes the results of clinical trials on this topic. The research was conducted on PubMed, using “Stroke”, “rehabilitation”, “isokinetic”, “upper limb” and “training” as keywords.ResultsSeventeen studies focusing on the use of isokinetics in assessment or rehabilitation (six studies) following stroke were reviewed. For the lower limb, muscle strength and walking ability improved after isokinetic rehabilitation programs. For the upper limb, the only two studies found in the literature suggest improvement in the strength of the trained muscles, of grip force, of the Fugl-Meyer motor score and of global functional capacities. This review does not reveal any consensus on the protocols to be implemented: type of muscle contraction, velocities….ConclusionWhile isokinetic strengthening has not proven its efficiency in rehabilitation of the upper limb following stroke, its interest with regard to rehabilitation of the lower limbs has been recognized. Randomized controlled trials in this field are necessary to confirm its efficiency, especially concerning upper arm rehabilitation