On the conceptualization and measurement of flow

This chapter introduces in chronological order the three main measurement methods – the Flow Questionnaire, the Experience Sampling Method, and the standardized scales of the componential approach – that researchers developed and used in conducting research on the flow state. Each measurement method and underlying conceptualization is explained, and its strengths and limitations are then discussed in relation to the other measurement methods and associated conceptualizations. The analysis reveals that, although the concept of flow remained stable since its inception, the models of flow that researchers developed in conjunction with the measurement methods changed substantially over time. Moreover, the findings obtained by applying the various measurement methods led to corroborations and disconfirmations of the underlying models, and hence provided indications on how to interpret and possibly modify flow theory. The chapter then analyzes the emerging process approach, which conceptualizes and measures flow as a dynamic path rather than an object, and highlights its potential for integrating flow and creativity within the same conceptual framework. The final section outlines new directions for developing more valid and useful measurement methods that can help to advance the understanding of flow, its antecedents, and its consequences

Accelerating FEM and BEM acoustic solutions

Reducing time-to-market, reducing development and production costs and increasing acoustic comfort, means less physical prototyping and more predictive modeling. However, predictive acoustic and vibro-acoustic models using FEM and BEM methods have often had limited usefulness, partly due to the long times taken to get the substantial amounts of results needed for engineering design optimization. In this paper, recently-developed technologies are presented which accelerate acoustic solutions. An array of approaches is presented, using finite, infinite and boundary element methods, which are based on re-usable Modal Acoustic Transfer Vectors, Padé methods for rapid frequency-sweep solutions, domain decomposition, finite element iterative solvers and multi-processor 'netsolvers'. These technologies make for timely and effective acoustic predictions, which are also accurate. They tackle a wide range of applications, such as engine acoustics and other machinery noise radiation, interior vehicle acoustics and component vibro-acoustics. They enable the design of practical solutions and are effective in reducing time-to-market and development costs. The fundamentals of various methods, their deployment in software and a selection of practical applications, timing benchmarks and case studies are presented

DNS and ILES of Wall Bounded Flows Using a Discontinuous Galerkin Method and Inlet Synthetic Turbulence

peer reviewedHigh pressure turbine (HPT) blades are cooled partly by guiding air from the compressor through internal ducts. The massive boundary layer separations in their bends are the main source of head losses and may have a significant impact on the local heat transfer distribution. To capture such physics accurately, scale-resolving simulations such as Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) or Large Eddy Simulation (LES) are required. Nevertheless, due to the complex configurations of cooling channels in turbomachinery and the level of accuracy required by scale-resolving simulations, standard industrial or academic solvers may not be able to predict efficiently this type of flow. It was shown in recent literature that discontinuous Galerkin method (DGM) combines the accuracy of academic solvers and the flexibility of industrial codes. These methods have shown large potential to perform efficient scale-resolving simulations (see e.g. [5]). In this paper, the capability of a DGM to perform fluid flow analysis of HPT cooling channels will be investigated. For internal flow configurations, the flow forcing strategy to obtain fully developed turbulence occurring at industrial conditions is an issue of primary importance. The generation of synthetic fluctuations, as described in [3, 7] will be tested. The first validation case is the turbulent channel flow at =590 . The second part of the study will address a problem relevant in the framework of turbines cooling passages: the turbulent flow in a serpentine duct at =180

The orocraniodigital syndrome of Juberg and Hayward.

We report three new isolated cases of orocraniodigital syndrome (Juberg-Hayward syndrome). The main clinical features of this unusual birth defect (six patients from three families described so far) are cleft lip/palate, hypertelorism, bowed and upward slanting eyebrows, thumb hypo/aplasia or proximal/distal thumb displacement, luxation of the radial head, elbow restriction, minor vertebral and rib anomalies, and horseshoe kidneys. New features observed in our patients are severe mental impairment (not correlated with the severity of the malformations), anterior anal displacement, and ptosis. Recessive inheritance is likely, but autosomal dominant inheritance cannot yet be totally ruled out; therefore, genetic counselling of parents of an affected child and of affected patients themselves must be cautious