Determination and emulation of motor-like flux conditions for loss characterization by means of a single tooth geometry

High quantities and a demand on low costs in automotive drives result in new production methods of electrical machines. Besides, the electric drive train efficiency is improved to offer long ranges. Referring to this relationship the loss models of electrical machines are improved more and more. Focusing on iron losses, remarkable influences on the loss characteristics are attributed to the manufacturing processes. In this publication, a new approach of measuring the losses of a single stator tooth of an electrical machine considering motor-like flux conditions is introduced. Derivation of motor-like flux conditions is described, transfer to the test bench is defined and measurements are shown - concluding with a comparison of simulation and measurement as well as the identified tooth losses of the investigated machine. This gives the possibility to improve iron loss models in case of additional losses due to manufacturing influences

Neural Regions Underlying Object and Action Naming: Complementary Evidence from Acute Stroke and Primary Progressive Aphasia

Background: Naming impairment is commonly noted in individuals with aphasia. However, object naming receives more attention than action naming. Furthermore, most studies include participants with aphasia due to only one aetiology, commonly stroke. We developed a new assessment, the Hopkins Action Naming Assessment (HANA), to evaluate action naming impairments. Methods \u3e& Procedures: Participants (N = 138 PPA, N = 37 acute stroke) completed the BNT and HANA. Behavioural performance was compared. A subset of participants (N = 31 PPA, N = 37 acute stroke) provided neuroimaging data. The whole brain was automatically segmented into regions of interest (ROIs). For participants with PPA, the image variables were the ROI volumes, normalised by brain volume. For participants with acute stroke, the image variables were the percentage of each ROI that was lesioned. The relationship between ROIs likely to be involved in naming performance was modelled with LASSO regression. Outcomes & Results: Behavioural results showed a double dissociation in performance: in each group, some participants displayed intact performance relative to healthy controls on actions but not objects and/or significantly better performance on actions than objects, while others showed the opposite pattern. These results support the need to assess both objects and actions when evaluating naming deficits. Neuroimaging results identified different regions associated with object vs. action naming, implicating overlapping but distinct networks of regions. Furthermore, results differed for participants with PPA vs. acute stroke, indicating that critical information may be missed when only one aetiology is considered. Conclusions: Overall, the study provides a more comprehensive picture of the neural bases of naming, underscoring the importance of assessing both objects and actions and considering different aetiologies of damage. It demonstrates the HANA\u27s utility