A COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE AND YIELD STABILITY IN DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.)

ABSTRACT This comparative study was conducted to access the drought tolerance and yield stability in different genotypes of barley. Study was conducted in growing seasons of 2013-14 and 2014-15 by imposing two water regimes viz. optimal and water stressed. Result of study revealed sufficient genetic variability among the genotypes, substantial expression of genetic potential and the importance of selection was based on stress condition. The mean squares of irrigation regimes explained most of the variations for all the traits in both growing seasons, indicating the relative importance of the genotypes in drought tolerance. Water deficient conditions highly affect the various growth parameters, yield and yield traits in both the studied growing seasons. Among the studied genotypes, Line 2 genotype have minimum heading and maturity time so this genotype could be use as a source of earliness in breeding program. Further, Line 7 and Line 11 genotypes showed highest yield potential under water deficit condition in both seasons, possessed high values for MP, YSI, STI, GMP, YI, and least SSI values less than one indicating suitability of these genotypes for drought tolerance and desirability for both water deficit and non-deficit conditions

Boron Nutrition Studies with Cotton and Sunflower in Southern Turkey

ABSTRACT: Wide variations in boron (B) contents are typical of Turkish soils and plants, and most of the variation, 84% of the plant-soil B values are within the “normal.” Boron application on low B soils can make a contribution to yield in cotton and sunflower crops. Field experiments were carried out on clayey and medium-textured soils, which are Chromoxererts, Haploxererts, Xerochrepts, and Xerofluvents in Southern Turkey to study the effects of boron fertilization on irrigated cotton and rainfed sunflower growth, yield, and yield components. Four levels of boron—0, 1, 2, and 3 kg ha-1—were applied at planting and the experimental design was completely randomized block design with four replications. There was a 31% and 31.9% increase in seedcotton yield at 3 kg and 2 kg ha-1 of B, compared to the control only two out of four sites. There was an average increase of 61.4% in boll weight with 2 kg B ha-1 application compared to the control. Effect of different application rates of B was not significant for fiber length, fiber strength, and fiber length uniformity. All levels of boron produced higher head diameters over control only one out of four sites. Boron applied at the level of 3 kg ha-1 produced the highest 1000 seed weight of 47.5 g representing an 18% increase over the control. Boron applied at the level of 1 kg ha-1 produced the highest seed yield, representing a 25% increase over the control only at one out of four sites. Boron was no value as a fertilizer for sunflower under given experimental conditions even though some uptake of boron was occurred. Boron fertilization may be regarded as effective in improving cotton yields. © 2016 Taylor & Francis

Relationships between stomatal conductance and yield components in spring durum wheat under Mediterranean conditions

The objective of this study was to determine relationships between stomatal conductance and yield components. Field trials were conducted at Field Crops Department Research Area, Agricultural Faculty, University of Cukurova during the 2000-2001 growing season in a completely randomized blocks design with three replications. The measurements of stomatal conductance (gs) were made at three stages (early milk, late milk and early dough maturity). Stomatal conductance showed statistically differences among genotypes. Genotypes showed differences for all agronomical traits assessed. Stomatal conductance had positive correlations with grain yield, grain numbers per spike, spike yield, and spike length at early stage. Results are discussed in terms of the possibilities of gs to be a criteria in wheat breeding at Cukurova Region

Data mining models for selection of the best spectral reflectance indices in estimation of crop yields and classification of maize hybrid types using spectroradiometer data

2017 European Conference on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, EECS 2017 --17 November 2017 through 19 November 2017 -- --This study purposes data mining models to estimate the amounts of crop yields using the relationships between the numeric valued crop yield attributes and the numeric valued spectral reflectance indices attributes calculated using different range of canopy reflectance. Data mining models uses knowledge and data technology to find the best spectral reflectance indices subset selection in estimation of crop yields for spectroradiometer reflectance measurements in 220 nm to 1100 nm range. Crop traits are estimated by use of linear regression models as data mining models in terms of computed values of spectral reflectance indices. Data mining classification method with high performance algorithm is used to classify different types of maize hybrids using the numeric valued crop yield attributes with respect to the nominal valued attributes corresponding to different conditions in this study. © 2017 IEEE

IMPACT OF ANTIOXIDANTS SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS OF CANOLA (Brassica napus L.) UNDER IRRIGATION INTERVALS IN NORTH NILE DELTA OF EGYPT

WOS: 000402838800004In the present study, field experiments were carried out during the cropping seasons of 2012 and 2013 to examine the adverse effects of deficit irrigation on canola productivity and determining the role of ascorbic acid and salicylic acid (both of 200 ppm) in alleviating the adverse effects under deficit irrigation. Further, effects of these phytochemicals on canola growth, yield and quality characteristics were studied by imposing three irrigation intervals viz, 25 (I-1), 35 (I-2) and 45 (I-3) days during both the growing seasons. The results of the study showed that the growth characteristics such as chlorophyll content and relative water content were decreased under the increase in irrigation intervals. Similarly, Yield and its components including plant height, silica number/plant, number of branches, seed number/silica, seed yield/plant, seed yield / ha as well as, seed oil content of canola plant were decreased with increasing the intervals of irrigations. Application of both of phytochemical (salicylic acid and ascorbic acid) not only reversed the negative impact of water deficit conditions but also improved the growth and yield parameters of canola plant. However, the applications of antioxidants were more effective under the second irrigation intervals (12) for both the cropping seasons. The maximum seed yield / ha, protein and oil yield was achieved by the applications of both antioxidants combined with irrigation every 35 days. From results of this study, it can be conclude that application of antioxidants could mitigate the harmful effects of deficit irrigation of canola. Accordingly, antioxidants supplementation could enhance the growth, yield and quality traits of canola under the increase of irrigation intervals in North Nile Delta

A COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE AND YIELD STABILITY IN DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.)

WOS: 000402838800003This comparative study was conducted to access the drought tolerance and yield stability in different genotypes of barley. Study was conducted in growing seasons of 2013-14 and 2014-15 by imposing two water regimes viz. optimal and water stressed. Result of study revealed sufficient genetic variability among the genotypes, substantial expression of genetic potential and the importance of selection was based on stress condition. The mean squares of irrigation regimes explained most of the variations for all the traits in both growing seasons, indicating the relative importance of the genotypes in drought tolerance. Water deficient conditions highly affect the various growth parameters, yield and yield traits in both the studied growing seasons. Among the studied genotypes, Line 2 genotype have minimum heading and maturity time so this genotype could be use as a source of earliness in breeding program. Further, Line 7 and Line 11 genotypes showed highest yield potential under water deficit condition in both seasons, possessed high values for MP, YSI, STI, GMP, YI, and least SSI values less than one indicating suitability of these genotypes for drought tolerance and desirability for both water deficit and non-deficit conditions

PHYSIO-BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN RICE GENOTYPES AT EARLY SEEDLING STAGE

WOS: 000389137600010The aim of the current investigation was to study the influence of drought-stressed by using PEG on some rice genotypes at seedling stage. The performance was judged by growth, physiological, biochemical and molecular constituents at seedling stage. The results of study suggested that growth attributes were reduced under different drought stress (70 and 140 g/L PEG) in most of the cases as compared with control. Among various tested genotypes IRAT 259, Line 7 and Line 8 exhibited the lowest reduction values of relative water content, chlorophyll content and membrane stability index at 70 and 140 drought levels. The Line 8 produced the highest amount of proline under stress conditions which is indicating its highest tolerance to drought stress. The antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were induced by the drought levels. The growing expressions of antioxidant enzymes assist the plant for adaptation of plant under environmental conditions and tolerate stress. The IRAT 259 has highest increase percentage in antioxidant enzymes under stress. Total sixteen SSR primers examine for characterizing the power of each SSR primer by calculating polymorphic information contents and a total of 41 alleles were amplified using 16 SSR primers. The variation in number of amplified alleles per primer ranged from one allele as for wmc27 to five alleles for wmc179 and wmc 215, with an average of 2.56 alleles. The highest value was 100% polymorphism belonged to 13 out of the 16 primers. Phylogenetic analyses per primer were ranged from 0.00 to 0.794 with an average of 0.427. Average observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 0.670 with an average of 0.45. It was found the value of heterozygosity was 0.00 to 0.670 and the mean value of heterozygosity was 0.45. On the basis of phenotypic and genetypic (reaction with markers) performances under drought stress conditions, the Line 8 and the Line 7 can be recommended as a drought tolerant and a drought sensitive, respectively. This result can be acclaimed the important source for genetic diversity of rice in future breeding programs

Quality traits performance of bread wheat genotypes under drought and heat stress conditions

The current study aimed at assessing grain quality traits under stress environments and to determine the superior wheat varieties with high quality traits and tolerant/sensitive to harsh environment. Sixteen spring wheat genotypes were grown under two temperature levels (cool and warm) and two regimes (rain-fed and irrigated) in the experimental area of Dicle University, Turkey. The analysis of variance showed that genotypes and environment were found to significantly influence all quality parameters as major effects. Rain-fed environment (water stress) caused a significant reduction in grain quality traits except grain protein and dry gluten contents. Warm environment (heat stress) caused significant reductions in grain weight, grain starch content, test weight, gluten index and grain flour content. Hence, delayed sowing associated with high temperature resulted in overall increase in protein content, dry gluten content and Zeleny test. In respect to genotypes, significant differences in quality parameters were found and performance of Inqilab-91, Cham-6, Adana-99 and Meta-2002 were better in respect of most traits under different conditions. It is also opined that Inqilab-91, Cham-6, Adana-99 and Meta-2002 are healthier and better responsive genotypes in respect of grain quality under adverse environment (water stress and heat stress). © by PSP.110O345This research was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) Project no. 110O345

ROLE OF OSMOPROTECTANTS AND SOIL AMENDMENTS FOR SUSTAINABLE SOYBEAN (Glycine max L.) PRODUCTION UNDER DROUGHT CONDITION: A REVIEW

WOS: 000427886100002Water stress has a significant effect on yield and quality of soybean through negatively influencing seedling establishment, growth, phenology and finally yield of soybean. The enhancement of soybean productivity and quality against water stress, application of proline, glycine betaine and soil application of compost play a vital role for improving the physiological processes. The current review highlights the physiological responses of soybean during various growth stages under water stress. Additionally, the review evaluates the mitigation mechanism of the adverse of water deficit stress on soybean through exogenous application of osmoprotectants as well as soil application of organic amendments. The study also tried to summarize the current understandings of exogenous application of osmoprotectants such asproline and glycine betaine, and soil amendments that could be used to minimize the harmful effect of water stress on seed yield and quality of soybean