Saccharification and Single Step Fermentation of Cassava Peel by Mixed Culture of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera NCIM 3161 and Zymomonas mobilis MTCC 92

Abstract The main objective of this study was to utilize the cassava peel by saccharification and single step fermentation (SSF) by mixed culture of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera NCIM 3161 and Zymomonas mobilis MTCC 92. Single step fermentation was performed in conical flasks with various concentrations of cassava peel (30, 50, 70 and 90 g/L), pH (3.5, 4.5 and 5.5), temperature (37, 47 and 57°C), reaction time (72, 720 and 168 h), inoculum size (5, 10 and 15 % v/v) and agitation speed (50, 100 and 150 rpm). Cell growth was identified by measuring optical density at 660 nm. The total reducing sugars were determined by centrifuging at 5000 rpm for 10 min by 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method. Starch concentration was estimated by anthrone method. Ethanol concentration was determined by acid dichromate method. The optimum process conditions were substrate concentration of 70 g/L, pH of 4.5, temperature of 37°C, reaction time of 120 h, inoculum size of 10 % (v/v) and agitation speed of 100 rpm. Under these conditions, the highest ethanol concentration of 26.46 g/L was obtained for cassava peel (93.75 % of theoretical yield)

High-Performance Computing for SKA Transient Search: Use of FPGA based Accelerators -- a brief review

This paper presents the High-Performance computing efforts with FPGA for the accelerated pulsar/transient search for the SKA. Case studies are presented from within SKA and pathfinder telescopes highlighting future opportunities. It reviews the scenario that has shifted from offline processing of the radio telescope data to digitizing several hundreds/thousands of antenna outputs over huge bandwidths, forming several 100s of beams, and processing the data in the SKA real-time pulsar search pipelines. A brief account of the different architectures of the accelerators, primarily the new generation Field Programmable Gate Array-based accelerators, showing their critical roles to achieve high-performance computing and in handling the enormous data volume problems of the SKA is presented here. It also presents the power-performance efficiency of this emerging technology and presents potential future scenarios.Comment: Accepted for JoAA, SKA Special issue on SKA (2022

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

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Not AvailableMesoscale eddies are important ocean phenomena that enhance biological productivity by mixing of water column and influence fishery catches, especially in stratified seas such as Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea. The current study was conducted around the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI), India located in the Eastern Indian Ocean. The study tested the feasibility of targeted fishing in eddies, by characterizing the mesoscale eddies in the region, towards developing operational altimetry-based fishery advisories for the fishers. We analysed fish catch data from 15,370 commercial fishing trips from the Islands using five fishing gears during 2014–17 spatially vis-à-visthe eddies delineated from Maps of Sea Level Anomaly (MSLA). We show that 5-24% of the routine commercial catches occurred in eddies, fishery catches are positively influenced by different eddy zones and the fish catch using different fishing gear are significantly higher in some of the eddy zones. We generated experimental advisories showing locations of eddies and their zones, identified using Near Real-Time M-SLA data and guided the commercial fishers for targeted fishing in eddies. The fish Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) from the experimental fishing within the eddy zones was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than that from the traditional fishing grounds in the non-eddy areas. The spatio-temporal analysis of eddies around ANI during 2009–16 showed the occurrence of higher number of anticyclonic eddies, majority of which move westward and have a lifespan of less than 2 weeks and amplitude less than 4 cm. In the current study, the areas around ANI with frequent eddy occurrence and eddy density have been identified, which could aid in increasing the fishing intensity by targeting the pelagic fishes, using longlines, gillnets and ringnets. Thus, we show the possibility of using eddy fishing advisories generated from altimeter data, for augmenting the currently operational Potential Fishing Zone (PFZ) advisories that are generated using optical/thermal remote sensing data and disseminated to the coastal fishers in India. This will be helpful especially for the regions with and during periods of persistent cloud cover.National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), [RRSC -NRSC -2018

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Not AvailableMesoscale eddies are important ocean phenomena that enhance biological productivity by mixing of water column and influence fishery catches, especially in stratified seas such as Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea. The current study was conducted around the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI), India located in the Eastern Indian Ocean. The study tested the feasibility of targeted fishing in eddies, by characterizing the mesoscale eddies in the region, towards developing operational altimetry-based fishery advisories for the fishers. We analysed fish catch data from 15,370 commercial fishing trips from the Islands using five fishing gears during 2014-17 spatially vis-a-vis the eddies delineated from Maps of Sea Level Anomaly (M-SLA). We show that 5-24% of the routine commercial catches occurred in eddies, fishery catches are positively influenced by different eddy zones and the fish catch using different fishing gear are significantly higher in some of the eddy zones. We generated experimental advisories showing locations of eddies and their zones, identified using Near Real-Time M-SLA data and guided the commercial fishers for targeted fishing in eddies. The fish Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) from the experimental fishing within the eddy zones was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than that from the traditional fishing grounds in the non-eddy areas. The spatio-temporal analysis of eddies around ANI during 2009-16 showed the occurrence of higher number of anticyclonic eddies, majority of which move westward and have a lifespan of less than 2 weeks and amplitude less than 4 cm. In the current study, the areas around ANI with frequent eddy occurrence and eddy density have been identified, which could aid in increasing the fishing intensity by targeting the pelagic fishes, using longlines, gillnets and ringnets. Thus, we show the possibility of using eddy fishing advisories generated from altimeter data, for augmenting the currently operational Potential Fishing Zone (PFZ) advisories that are generated using optical/thermal remote sensing data and disseminated to the coastal fishers in India. This will be helpful especially for the regions with and during periods of persistent cloud cover.National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC)Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), [RRSC - NRSC - 2018