Decolorization of synthetic melanoidins-containing wastewater by a bacterial consortium

The presence of melanoidins in molasses wastewater leads to water pollution both due to its dark brown color and its COD contents. In this study, a bacterial consortium isolated from waterfall sediment was tested for its decolorization. The identification of culturable bacteria by 16S rDNA based approach showed that the consortium composed of Klebsiella oxytoca, Serratia mercescens, Citrobacter sp. and unknown bacterium. In the context of academic study, prevention on the difficulties of providing effluent as well as its variations in compositions, several synthetic media prepared with respect to color and COD contents based on analysis of molasses wastewater, i.e., Viandox sauce (13.5% v/v), caramel (30% w/v), beet molasses wastewater (41.5% v/v) and sugarcane molasses wastewater (20% v/v) were used for decolorization using consortium with color removal 9.5, 1.13, 8.02 and 17.5%, respectively, within 2 days. However, Viandox sauce was retained for further study. The effect of initial pH and Viandox concentration on decolorization and growth of bacterial consortium were further determined. The highest decolorization of 18.3% was achieved at pH 4 after 2 day of incubation. Experiments on fresh or used medium and used or fresh bacterial cells, led to conclusion that the limitation of decolorization was due to nutritional deficiency. The effect of aeration on decolorization was also carried out in 2 L laboratory-scale suspended cell bioreactor. The maximum decolorization was 19.3% with aeration at KLa = 2.5836 h-1 (0.1 vvm)

La fuga impossibile : considerazioni di psicologia comparata sul riflesso di immobilit\ue0 tonica e le basi biologiche di trauma e dissociazione

Esiste in natura un fenomeno di arresto motorio, l\u2019immobilit\ue0 tonica, che si verifica negli animali in risposta ai predatori, evocabile anche in contesti sperimentali mediante una semplice sequenza d\u2019induzione. La reazione, nota in passato anche come \u201cipnosi animale\u201d, \ue8 stata stata indagata nel corso del tempo con paradigmi differenti, dalle prime osservazioni naturalistiche, a successive ricerche di area psicofarmacologica. Il lavoro illustra recenti prospettive che identificano nel fenomeno il substrato psico-biologico della mancata difesa nel corso di eventi violenti e elemento essenziale per la comprensione di eventi complessi come il trauma e la dissociazione nelle vittime

Sofferenza e patologia tra corpo e mente: prospettive diagnostiche per la clinica medica e psicologica nelle malattie organiche

Viene illustrata l\u2019evoluzione delle principali prospettive diagnostiche e dei sistemi classificativi impiegati in psicopatologia per descrivere e comprendere la sofferenza psichica nelle situazioni di malattia fisica. Considerazione particolare \ue8 riservata ai fattori psicologici che modulano la vulnerabilit\ue0, il decorso, ed eventualmente la prognosi dei disturbi organici.This article shows the evolution of the main perspectives of diagnostic and classificatory systems used in psychopathology to describe and understand the mental suffering in situations of physical disease. Increasing consideration is given to psychological factors that modulate the vulnerability, the course, and possibly the prognosis of organic disorders