8,002 research outputs found
The N N -> NN pi+ Reaction near Threshold in a Chiral Power Counting Approach
Power-counting arguments are used to organize the interactions contributing
to the N N -> d pi, p n pi reactions near threshold. We estimate the
contributions from the three formally leading mechanisms: the Weinberg-Tomozawa
(WT) term, the impulse term, and the -excitation mechanism. Sub-leading
but potentially large mechanisms, including -wave pion-rescattering, the
Galilean correction to the WT term, and short-ranged contributions are also
examined. The WT term is shown to be numerically the largest, and the other
contributions are found to approximately cancel. Similarly to the reaction p p
-> p p pi0, the computed cross sections are considerably smaller than the data.
We discuss possible origins of this discrepancy.Comment: 31 pages, 17 figure
Information-Entropic for Travelling Solitons in Lorentz and CPT Breaking Systems
In this work we group three research topics apparently disconnected, namely
solitons, Lorentz symmetry breaking and entropy. Following a recent work [Phys.
Lett. B 713 (2012) 304], we show that it is possible to construct in the
context of travelling wave solutions a configurational entropy measure in
functional space, from the field configurations. Thus, we investigate the
existence and properties of travelling solitons in Lorentz and CPT breaking
scenarios for a class of models with two interacting scalar fields. Here, we
obtain a complete set of exact solutions for the model studied which display
both double and single-kink configurations. In fact, such models are very
important in applications that include Bloch branes, Skyrmions, Yang-Mills,
Q-balls, oscillons and various superstring-motivated theories. We find that the
so-called Configurational Entropy (CE) for travelling solitons, which we name
as travelling Configurational Entropy (TCE), shows that the best value of
parameter responsible to break the Lorentz symmetry is one where the energy
density is distributed equally around the origin. In this way, the
information-theoretical measure of travelling solitons in Lorentz symmetry
violation scenarios opens a new window to probe situations where the parameters
responsible for breaking the symmetries are random. In this case, the TCE
selects the best value
D-Oscillons in the Standard Model-Extension
In this work we investigate the consequences of the Lorentz symmetry
violation on extremely long-living, time-dependent, and spatially localized
field configurations, named oscillons. This is accomplished in ()
dimensions for two interacting scalar field theories in the so-called Standard
Model-Extension context. We show that -dimensional scalar field lumps can
present a typical size , where is the associated
length scale of extra dimensions in Kaluza-Klein theories. Here, the size
is shown to strongly depend on the terms that control the Lorentz
violation of the theory. This implies either contraction or dilation of the
average radius , and a new rule for its composition, likewise.
Moreover, we show that the spatial dimensions for existence of oscillating
lumps have an upper limit, opening new possibilities to probe the existence of
a -dimensional oscillons at TeV energy scale. Moreover, in a cosmological
scenario with Lorentz symmetry breaking, we argue that in the early Universe
with an extremely high energy density and a strong Lorentz violation, the
typical size was highly dilated. With the expansion and subsequent
cooling of the Universe, we propose that it passed through a phase transition
towards a Lorentz symmetry, wherein tends to be compact.Comment: 8 pages, final version to appear in PR
TWO-PION EXCHANGE NUCLEAR POTENTIAL - CHIRAL CANCELLATIONS
We show that chiral symmetry is responsible for large cancellations in the
two-pion exchange nucleon-nucleon interaction, which are similar to those
occuring in free pion-nucleon scattering.Comment: REVTEX style, 5 pages, 3 PostScrip figures compressed, tarred and
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Bounds on topological Abelian string-vortex and string-cigar from information-entropic measure
In this work we obtain bounds on the topological Abelian string-vortex and on
the string-cigar, by using a new measure of configurational complexity, known
as configurational entropy. In this way, the information-theoretical measure of
six-dimensional braneworlds scenarios are capable to probe situations where the
parameters responsible for the brane thickness are arbitrary. The so-called
configurational entropy (CE) selects the best value of the parameter in the
model. This is accomplished by minimizing the CE, namely, by selecting the most
appropriate parameters in the model that correspond to the most organized
system, based upon the Shannon information theory. This information-theoretical
measure of complexity provides a complementary perspective to situations where
strictly energy-based arguments are inconclusive. We show that the higher the
energy the higher the CE, what shows an important correlation between the
energy of the a localized field configuration and its associated entropic
measure.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, final version to appear in Phys. Lett.
Homogeneous abundance analysis of dwarf, subgiant and giant FGK stars with and without giant planets
We have analyzed high-resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio optical
spectra of nearby FGK stars with and without detected giant planets in order to
homogeneously measure their photospheric parameters, mass, age, and the
abundances of volatile (C, N, and O) and refractory (Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Mn,
Fe, Ni, Cu, and Ba) elements. Our sample contains 309 stars from the solar
neighborhood (up to the distance of 100 pc), out of which 140 are dwarfs, 29
are subgiants, and 140 are giants. The photospheric parameters are derived from
the equivalent widths of Fe I and Fe II lines. Masses and ages come from the
interpolation in evolutionary tracks and isochrones on the HR diagram. The
abundance determination is based on the equivalent widths of selected atomic
lines of the refractory elements and on the spectral synthesis of C_2, CN, C I,
O I, and Na I features. We apply a set of statistical methods to analyze the
abundances derived for the three subsamples. Our results show that: i) giant
stars systematically exhibit underabundance in [C/Fe] and overabundance in
[N/Fe] and [Na/Fe] in comparison with dwarfs, a result that is normally
attributed to evolution-induced mixing processes in the envelope of evolved
stars; ii) for solar analogs only, the abundance trends with the condensation
temperature of the elements are correlated with age and anticorrelated with the
surface gravity, which is in agreement with recent studies; iii) as in the case
of [Fe/H], dwarf stars with giant planets are systematically enriched in [X/H]
for all the analyzed elements, except for O and Ba (the former due to
limitations of statistics), confirming previous findings in the literature that
not only iron has an important relation with the planetary formation; and iv)
giant planet hosts are also significantly overabundant for the same metallicity
when the elements from Mg to Cu are combined together.Comment: 20 pages, 16 figures, 8 table
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