DENSITY INFLUENCE ON PLANT GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF SOME MANGOLD VARIETIES

Mangold (Beta vulgaris ssp.cicla L.) is cultivated for leaf petiole but can also be consumed in different dishes. It is called petiole beetroot and leafy beet, since this species is mainly consumed for these vegetative parts either for human nutrition, cooked different ways or for animal feed (depreciated leaves, with no commercial appearance). Mangold is a plant cultivated less than other vegetables in the group green vegetables (lettuce, spinach), but with the same importance as other green vegetables. It is considered a vegetable with a vital impact in healthy nutrition due to the rich content of leaves in nutrients, especially vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, folic acid, calcium, iron and dietary fiber. Experience was carried out in 2018, in a vegetable microfarm, in the locality of Săcueni, Bihor County, favorable for the cultivation of the mangold due to the specific pedoclimatic conditions. Three cultivars of mangold have been studied, which have been cultivated in the field at different densities and the objectives were to follow plant growth and production

Basil and Lettuce Microgreens Production in Low-Cost Hydroponic Installations, under Operational and Semi-Controlled Conditions

Microgreens produced hydroponically at home, represent a solution of the future due to the advantages it has. The purpose of this research is to analyze certain elements relevant for the microgreens crop (basil and lettuce), simultaneously, in identical low-cost hydroponic platforms, in operational (common spaces) and semi-controlled conditions (plant growing tent). The obtained results were analyzed, both from the point of view of the growing conditions and the influence of light regimes, as well as the development of seedlings, production (fresh weight and dry weight) and quality (total phenolic) of the microgreens. In operational environmental conditions there is a higher variation of the environmental parameters, compared to the semi-controlled environment, but the oscillation of natural light seems to have a better influence on the development of microgreens. Internode length in operational environmental conditions varies for basil between 25.2-35.2 mm, for lettuce between 31.9-32.8 mm, and in semi-controlled environmental conditions, it varies for basil between 25.2-32.1 mm and for lettuce between 30.2-31.9 mm. In semi-controlled conditions, the average fresh weight production achieved by the two species (and four varieties) is 734.73 g m-2 for basil, 809.56 g m-2 for lettuce, and represents 823.74 g m-2 for basil, 777.61 g m-2 for lettuce in operational environmental conditions. The variability of the data recorded for total phenols is very high. Lettuce contains 98-107.33 mg kg-1, and basil 107.67-186.33 mg kg-1 total phenols. Feedback from these tests will be used for final validation of the low-cost hydroponic platform components

A SECURE CREDITING PROTOCOL FOR HYBRID CELLULAR AND AD-HOC NETWORKS

hybrid cellular ad-hoc networks, security, routing protocols While wireless networking seems to be the way of the future, no definite architecture for large scale deployment of such networks has emerged. This can be attributed to financial reasons (a specialized infrastructure is too expensive to build) as well as to the lack of solutions that could work with an existing infrastructure or, in an ad hoc manner, without one. A viable alternative seems to be hybrid wireless networks. Such networks use the existing cellular telephony infrastructure as basis and enhance it by building ad hoc networks of traffic relayers around each cell, improving the overall throughtput and reliability of the network. These relayers are users of the network that are willing to operate as such. In this setting, both efficiency and security are vital properties. We propose SCP as an integrated solution for secure routing and crediting in hybrid networks. We describe how a secure environment can be established efficiently by financially motivating users to avoid attacks. Finally, we show that SCP imposes minimal load both in communication and computation, so that even regular cellular phones can function as relayers, without demanding infrastructure upgrades.

Redundancy and coverage detection in sensor networks

We study the problem of detecting and eliminating redundancy in a sensor network with a view to improving energy efficiency, while preserving the network’s coverage. We also examine the impact of redundancy elimination on the related problem of coverage-boundary detection. We reduce both problems to the computation of Voronoi diagrams, prove and achieve lower bounds on the solution of these problems, and present efficient distributed algorithms for computing and maintaining solutions in cases of sensor failures or insertion of new sensors. We prove the correctness and termination properties of our distributed algorithms, and analytically characterize the time complexity and traffic generated by our algorithms. Using detailed simulations, we also quantify the impact of system parameters such as sensor density, transmission range, and failure rates on network traffic

Seismicity patterns in Vrancea and predictive features

Notable clustering effects in seismic activity are observed at the sharp bend of the South-Eastern Carpathians both at subcrustal and crustal domains. The seismic energy release is strongly increasing with depth, where apparently the principal source controlling the geodynamics of the entire system is located. New developments of instrumental monitoring and relatively extended historical data spanning several seismic cycles in Vrancea allow refined analyses of earthquake patterns, outlining high-resolution images of specific alignments of seismicity in the Vrancea region. Refined joint locations are carried out for the most recent earthquakes, produced after 1995. In parallel, a new approach has been implemented to produce numerical simulations of the Vrancea seismic cycle and to reproduce its main characteristics: return period, main shock magnitude, depth location, non-linear frequency-magnitude distribution, aftershock activity and their variability from one cycle to other

Effectiveness of Measures to Reduce the Influence of Global Climate Change on Tomato Cultivation in Solariums—Case Study: Crișurilor Plain, Bihor, Romania

Tomatoes, one of the most appreciated vegetables consumed, are crops well adapted for cultivation in arid and semi-arid conditions, with the success of large yields guaranteed by covering water consumption through irrigation. Solar Pumps—SP are driven by Photovoltaic Panels—PV (SPAPV), eliminating the dependence on electricity or diesel; they are environmentally friendly because they generate carbon-free electricity, and the cost of operation and maintenance is lower. In order to preserve the water administered by drip to the tomato crop grown in solariums, mulching is used. In Husasău de Tinca, in the Crișurilor Plain, the cultivation of tomato varieties without mulching (WM) and with mulching with black foil (MBF) was studied. To answer the question “How effective are water conservation measures in terms of energy independence?”, two variants of SPAPVs, direct pumping (ADP) and storage tank (AST) were simulated. It is proposed to determine the water consumption of tomatoes (ETRo), using the temperatures inside the solarium. In 2016, the average temperatures during the vegetation period with insurance of over 20%, were observed. The specific investment (SI) is 214,795 Euro ha−1 in the case of ADP and respectively 202,990 Euro ha−1 in the case of ATS. The payback period (IPT) is between 2.68 years and 2.53 years for the ADP variant and between 1.63 years and 1.54 years for the ATS variant. The indications for water use and irrigation water use show that in the MBF variant, the water administered by localized irrigation is better utilized than in the WM variant. The novelty of this study is the evaluation of the effectiveness of measures to reduce the effects of global climate change on tomatoes grown in solariums, useful for forecasting and watering restrictions, water consumption is determined from the air temperature measured inside the solarium, with insurance of over 20%. Taking into account the working hypotheses, the distribution of irrigation water in the solarium, with the help of SPAPVs, for tomatoes grown in the MBF variant, and a drip irrigation arrangement with ATS, the energy independence of the farm is ensured, the yields obtained are economically efficient, and the irrigation water is used rationally

Effectiveness of Measures to Reduce the Influence of Global Climate Change on Tomato Cultivation in Solariums—Case Study: Crișurilor Plain, Bihor, Romania

Tomatoes, one of the most appreciated vegetables consumed, are crops well adapted for cultivation in arid and semi-arid conditions, with the success of large yields guaranteed by covering water consumption through irrigation. Solar Pumps—SP are driven by Photovoltaic Panels—PV (SPAPV), eliminating the dependence on electricity or diesel; they are environmentally friendly because they generate carbon-free electricity, and the cost of operation and maintenance is lower. In order to preserve the water administered by drip to the tomato crop grown in solariums, mulching is used. In Husasău de Tinca, in the Crișurilor Plain, the cultivation of tomato varieties without mulching (WM) and with mulching with black foil (MBF) was studied. To answer the question “How effective are water conservation measures in terms of energy independence?”, two variants of SPAPVs, direct pumping (ADP) and storage tank (AST) were simulated. It is proposed to determine the water consumption of tomatoes (ETRo), using the temperatures inside the solarium. In 2016, the average temperatures during the vegetation period with insurance of over 20%, were observed. The specific investment (SI) is 214,795 Euro ha−1 in the case of ADP and respectively 202,990 Euro ha−1 in the case of ATS. The payback period (IPT) is between 2.68 years and 2.53 years for the ADP variant and between 1.63 years and 1.54 years for the ATS variant. The indications for water use and irrigation water use show that in the MBF variant, the water administered by localized irrigation is better utilized than in the WM variant. The novelty of this study is the evaluation of the effectiveness of measures to reduce the effects of global climate change on tomatoes grown in solariums, useful for forecasting and watering restrictions, water consumption is determined from the air temperature measured inside the solarium, with insurance of over 20%. Taking into account the working hypotheses, the distribution of irrigation water in the solarium, with the help of SPAPVs, for tomatoes grown in the MBF variant, and a drip irrigation arrangement with ATS, the energy independence of the farm is ensured, the yields obtained are economically efficient, and the irrigation water is used rationally

STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME MANGOLD VARIETIES CULTIVATED IN THE WESTERN AREA OF ROMANIA

Mangold (Beta vulgaris ssp.cicla L.) is cultivated for leaf stalks (petioles) but can also be consumed in their different culinary dishes. In Europe, it is grown on larger surfaces in Italy, France and Spain. It is an important source of beta carotene and vitamins (C and A). Petiole is rich in sodium and potassium and leaves contain potassium, calcium and phosphorus (Indrea et al., 2012, Lagunovschi-Luchian and Vânătoru, 2016).Experience was carried out in 2017, in a vegetable farm, in the locality of Săcuieni, Bihor County, a favorable area for mangold culture due to specific pedoclimatic conditions