Manejo do resfriamento e da classificação de pêssegos cv granada na ocorrência de podridões e qualidade de consumo

A perda de qualidade em pêssegos, após a colheita, está associada às alterações indesejáveis no metabolismo, aos danos mecânicos, à redução da firmeza de polpa, às desordens fisiológicas e às podridões. Em pêssegos do cultivar Granada, a ocorrência de podridões é a principal causa de perdas pós-colheita. Para amenizar esse problema, estudou-se o manejo na pós-colheita, avaliando-se as características e a vida útil dos frutos, através de dois experimentos: 1) colheita e resfriamento prévio ao transporte refrigerado em caminhão com carroçeria baú e simulação de comercialização à temperatura de 23±2°C e UR de 75%±5%, e 2) colheita, resfriamento e armazenamento refrigerado por 15 dias, seguido de classificação em equipamentos que deslocam os frutos, com ou sem o auxílio de água, com ou sem aplicação de cera. Na seqüência, os frutos foram transportados sob refrigeração e submetidos à simulação de comercialização nas mesmas condições do primeiro experimento. A vida de prateleira, nos dois experimentos, foi estudada através da quantificação de frutos com podridão e da aavaliação da coloração, da firmeza da polpa e da análise sensorial, com tratamento estatístico dos resultados. Os menores percentuais de frutos com podridão foram observados em pêssegos resfriados em câmara fria, seguido de transporte refrigerado e simulação de comercialização, contrapondo-se aos frutos não-resfriados previamente ao transporte refrigerado. Referente à classificação, após o armazenamento refrigerado (AR), verificou-se que o equipamento de classificação com água, em comparação com a classificação em equipamento sem água, favorece o aumento de podridão, caso a comercialização exceda três dias após o transporte refrigerado. A aplicação de cera na classificação, em equipamento sem água, melhora a aparência dos frutos e contribui para a prevenção de podridão

Conservação de caqui (Diospyros kaki, L.), cv. fuyu, pela aplicação de 1-metilciclopropeno Conservation of persimmons fruits (Diospyros kaki, L.), cv. fuyu with aplication of 1-methylyclopropene

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito do 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) na conservação pós-colheita do caqui (Diospyrus kaki L.) cv. Fuyu. Foram utilizadas frutas provenientes de um pomar comercial de Farroupilha-RS. Os caquis foram colhidos quando apresentavam coloração amarelo-alaranjada. Foram aplicadas três concentrações de 1-MCP (312, 625 e 1250 nL.L-1) durante 24 horas à temperatura ambiente (±25ºC). Após a aplicação dos tratamentos, as frutas foram armazenadas em câmara fria sob ar refrigerado a 0ºC e aproximadamente 90% de umidade relativa, por um período de até 90 dias. As avaliações da qualidade foram realizadas na instalação do experimento, aos 30; 60 e 90 dias de armazenagem refrigerada, sendo as análises efetuadas 3 dias após a retirada da frigoconservação, para simular um período de comercialização. Ao final do período, observou-se que as variáveis pH, sólidos solúveis totais e acidez total titulável não foram influenciadas pela aplicação de 1-MCP. A produção de etileno não alcançou níveis detectáveis nas condições do experimento. Nas frutas tratadas com 1-MCP houve maior desenvolvimento de cor vermelha. A firmeza de polpa apresentou valores significativamente maiores nos caquis tratados com 1-MCP em relação às frutas do tratamento-testemunha. Não houve diferença significativa entre as concentrações de 1-MCP.<br>The present work evaluated the effects of the 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) on persimmons fruits (Diospyrus kaki L.) of cv. Fuyu stored at 0ºC for up to 90 days. Fruits were picked from a commercial orchard in Farroupilha-RS, when skin color was yellow-orange. Three concentrations of 1-MCP (312, 625 and 1250 nL.L-1) were applied for 24 hours in an ambient temperature (±25ºC). Control fruit were kept under identical conditions without 1-MCP treatment. Immediately after treatment application, the fruits were transferred to a cold storage at 0ºC and approximately 90% of relative humidity. Persimmons were analysed on the day of harvest, after 30, 60 and 90 days of refrigerated storage plus 3 more days at ambient temperature to simulate the commercialization period. Total soluble solids, pH and titratable acidity were not influenced by 1-MCP treatments. Ethylene production rates did not reach detectable levels. Skin color showed a higher development of red color in fruits treated with 1-MCP. Flesh firmness was significantly higher in treated fruits in comparison to control fruits, indicating a positive effect of 1-MCP in the postharvest life of persimmons fruits. There was no significant difference among the different concentrations of 1-MCP

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data