Sensitivity and specificity using different cutoffs for number of liquid/semi-liquid stools to define diarrhea.

<p>The sensitivity and specificity of caregiver diagnoses are shown for different cutoffs of reported frequency of liquid or semi-liquid stools. Caregiver diagnostic sensitivity increased from 0.55 using the cutoff of 3 stools per day to 0.78 when ≥6 stools were reported. Specificity was consistently >0.93.</p

Results of a multiple logistic regression analysis for factors predicting any treatment given to child for clinically defined childhood diarrhea (N = 1,067).

*<p>Each odds ratio is adjusted for each other characteristic included in the table. Independent variables included in the model were the presence of fever, vomiting, and decreased appetite.</p

Percent of child caregivers who reported using different forms of treatment for clinically defined childhood diarrhea by type of care provider consulted (N = 1,067).

*<p>Up to three responses accepted; numbers may not sum to 100% due to missing values.</p>**<p>Includes public health center or hospital, pharmacy, or private doctor.</p

Summary of sampling framework for the survey in rural southwestern Burkina Faso.

<p>The sampling framework for the participation of health centers, communities, concessions, households, and children in the survey. Health centers and communities were first selected based on their accessibility by vehicle. In each community, concessions and households were visited to identify children <27 months of age and to interview their primary caregivers.</p

Results of a multiple logistic regression analysis for factors predicting any care seeking outside the home for clinically defined childhood diarrhea (N = 1,067).

*<p>Each odds ratio is adjusted for each other characteristic included in the table. Independent variables included in the model were the presence of fever, vomiting, and decreased appetite, duration of diarrhea episode, mother's parity, distance from child's residence to public health center, and child sex.</p

Demographic and economic characteristics of the sample.

<p>Numbers may not sum due to missing values. Difference between indicated N and number of observations represents missing or unknown information.</p

Results of a multiple logistic regression analysis for factors predicting caregiver recognition of clinically defined diarrhea (N = 1,067).

*<p>Each odds ratio is adjusted for each other characteristic included in the table. Independent variables included in the model were the presence of fever, vomiting, and decreased appetite, mother's education, household ethnic group, household religion and child sex. Clinically defined diarrhea = ≥3 liquid or semi-liquid stools/d. Ref. = reference category for each independent variable.</p

Study design of the LNS and the zinc supplementation studies.

<p><b>Children eligible for the present long-term and short-term exploratory analyses were matched by age.</b>¹ In LNS study area, cluster randomization of 34 communities to intervention cohort (LNS-IC, 25 communities) or non-intervention cohort (LNS-NIC, 9 communities). ² In zinc supplemenation study area, 36 geographically defined clusters, were randomly assigned to one of three cohorts: immediate and delayed intervention (Z-IC, 12 clusters each), and non-intervention cohort (Z-NIC, 12 clusters). ³ Children in LNS-IC, LNS-NIC, Z-IC, and Z-NIC who participated during the full study period were included in the analyses of the full study duration. ⁴ Within the LNS-IC communities, eligible children were randomly assigned to 1) LNS without zinc, and placebo tablet, 2) LNS with 5 mg zinc, and placebo tablet, 3) LNS with 10 mg zinc, and placebo tablet, or 4) LNS without zinc, and 5 mg zinc tablet. Children diagnosed with uncomplicated diarrhea, malaria and fever received free medical treatment during weekly home visit. ⁵ Within the Z-IC, eligible children were randomly assigned to 1) intermittent preventive zinc supplementation (10 mg zinc for 10 days) every 16 weeks and daily preventive and therapeutic placebo tablets, 2) daily preventive 7 mg zinc tablet daily and therapeutic placebo during diarrhea, and 3) therapeutic zinc supplementation for episodes of diarrhea (20 mg zinc/ day for 10 days) and daily placebo tablets. Children diagnosed with uncomplicated diarrhea, malaria and fever received free medical treatment from a village-based community health worker. ⁶ During each of the 16 week-rounds in the Z-IC cohort, three randomly selected clusters served as non-supplemented morbidity surveillance comparison group (Z-Contr). Children diagnosed with uncomplicated diarrhea, malaria and fever received free medical treatment from a village-based community health worker. ^4,5,6 Children were matched by age and month of enrollment for inclusion in the analyses of age-specific intervals: 9–12 mo interval, 12–15 mo interval and 15–18 mo interval. ⁷ In both studies, children in the NIC were assessed at enrollment and at the end of the study and did not receive any supplementation of morbidity treatment throughout the course of the study.</p

Comparison of the change in length-for-age z-score, weight-for-age z-score, and weight-for-length z-score between the LNS and the zinc study populations over the whole study duration.¹

<p>Comparison of the change in length-for-age z-score, weight-for-age z-score, and weight-for-length z-score between the LNS and the zinc study populations over the whole study duration.<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0181770#t003fn002" target="_blank">¹</a></p

Difference in change in length-for-age z-score between the LNS and the zinc study populations over the whole study duration.

<p>Difference in change in length-for-age z-score between the LNS and the zinc study populations over the whole study duration.</p