Clinical symptoms observed in 45 probable and confirmed cases in a summer camp, July 2009.

<p>Clinical symptoms observed in 45 probable and confirmed cases in a summer camp, July 2009.</p

Etiology of viral respiratory infections in Panel A.

<p>The etiological agent, the number of cases, the geographical origin of patients returning from abroad and the references for the methods used for molecular diagnosis are indicated.</p><p>*: see also multiple infections.</p

Phylogenetic and temporal distribution of H1N1sw isolates.

<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0009214#pone-0009214-g010" target="_blank">Figure 10A</a> shows the phylogenetic distribution of H1N1sw isolates based on complete amino acid neuraminidase sequences. The label of each strain includes the GenBank number, the country of origin, the time of collection and the amino acid pattern at residue positions 106 and 248 of the neuraminidase protein. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0009214#pone-0009214-g010" target="_blank">Figure 10B</a> shows the temporal distribution of strains harbouring the VN or ID amino acid pattern at residue positions 106 and 248 of the neuraminidase protein. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0009214#pone-0009214-g010" target="_blank">Figure 10B:</a> Green circle: strains with VN pattern. Pink triangle: strains with ID pattern. Dark blue square: strains with VD pattern. Light blue square: strains with IN pattern.</p

Prevalence of antibodies to H1N1sw and seasonal influenza viruses according to age.

<p>The prevalence of antibodies to H1N1sw is given for HI titres ≥1/40, ≥1/80 and ≥1/160. The prevalence of antibody to seasonal H1N1 (using a strain isolated in Marseille in 2007), and to seasonal H3N2 (using a strain isolated in Marseille in 2008) is given for HI titres ≥1/40.</p

Samples tested from April to August 2009.

<p>Panel A corresponds to Level A laboratory samples (N = 99) tested between April 25^th 2009 and June 15^th 2009. Panel B corresponds to Level A laboratory samples (N = 280) tested between April 25^th 2009 and July 13^th 2009. Panel C corresponds to all samples (N = 1,815) tested between April 25^th 2009 and August 31^st 2009, including Point of Care (POC) samples.</p

Weekly distribution of samples tested and samples positive for H1N1sw or seasonal H3N2 virus.

<p>Weekly distribution of samples tested and samples positive for H1N1sw or seasonal H3N2 virus.</p

Results of RIDTs according to age groups and viral load.

<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0009214#pone-0009214-g006" target="_blank">Figure 6A</a> shows the distribution of positive RIDTs in age groups amongst 233 samples positive for H1N1sw based on RT-PCR techniques. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0009214#pone-0009214-g006" target="_blank">Figure 6B</a> shows the distribution of positive RIDTs according to viral load amongst 41 samples. *: p<0.001 (chi-square test); compared with all other samples.</p

Distribution of cases in age groups for Panel B and C.

<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0009214#pone-0009214-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3A and 3B</a> show the distribution of cases in age groups for the Panel B and C respectively. The figure includes only patients whose age was known (270 patients from Panel B and 1799 in Panel C). The column on the left shows the number of samples tested, positive for H1N1sw or positive for seasonal H3N2 virus in each age group. The column in the middle shows the percentage of samples testing positive for H1N1sw in each age group. The column on the right shows the distribution of positives in the different age groups.</p

Prevalence of antibody to H1N1sw according to age groups.

<p>The prevalence is given for HI titres ≥1/40, ≥1/80 and ≥1/160.</p

SYBR Green Real-Time PCR for the Detection of All Enterovirus-A71 Genogroups

<div><p>Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) has recently become an important public health threat, especially in South-East Asia, where it has caused massive outbreaks of Hand, Foot and Mouth disease every year, resulting in significant mortality. Rapid detection of EV-A71 early in outbreaks would facilitate implementation of prevention and control measures to limit spread. Real-time RT-PCR is the technique of choice for the rapid diagnosis of EV-A71 infection and several systems have been developed to detect circulating strains. Although eight genogroups have been described globally, none of these PCR techniques detect all eight. We describe, for the first time, a SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR system validated to detect all 8 EV-A71 genogroups. This tool could permit the early detection and shift in genogroup circulation and the standardization of HFMD virological diagnosis, facilitating networking of laboratories working on EV-A71 in different regions.</p></div