71 research outputs found
Is the liberal state secular? How much state-religion separation is necessary to secure liberal-democratic ideals
Is it a mistake to assume that liberal democracy requires a strict separation of state and religion like the French or US model? In her new book, CĂ©cile Laborde starts from four universal liberal-democratic ideals and asks how much, and what kind of, state separation from religion is required to secure these ideals. By extracting the minimal secular core of liberal democracy she shows that there is a broad range of permissible secularisms
Religion in the Law: The Disaggregation Approach
Should religion be singled out in the law? This Article evaluates two influential theories of freedom of religion in political theory, before introducing an alternative one. The first approach, the Substitution approach, argues that freedom of religion can be adequately expressed by a substitute category: typically, freedom of conscience. The second, the Proxy approach, argues that the notion of religion should be upheld in the law, albeit as a proxy for a range of different goods. After showing that neither approach adequately meets crucial desiderata for an inclusive theory of religious freedom, the Article sets out the Disaggregation approach and defends against the alternatives
Multiculturalism, religion and race
Given the spontaneous intersectionality of religious and racial identities, it is surprising that western political theory has maintained an âacoustical separationâ (Stolzenberg 2011), between the two. In the work of John Rawls, for example, race and religion are distinct categories that pertain to different normative universes. The pioneering work of Tariq Modood offers a welcome corrective to this tendency. It draws on a distinctive European (and global) historical sociology, whereas much of Rawlsian and post-Rawlsian political philosophy remains more comfortable in the intellectual home of the US constitution and the specific trajectory of American law. In this chapter, I seek to explain what is at stake in these differing conceptualisations of race and religion. I first account for Rawlsâs bifurcated views of religion and race, before describing the rationale behind Modoodâs more integrated view. In the last section, I will offer some thoughts towards an interpretive framework that retrieves the gist of Rawlsâs insights while shedding light on the crucial normative dimensions of Modoodâs theory
The pornographic effect of art
LâidĂ©e-force de cette thĂšse est que littĂ©rature et sexualitĂ© ont partie liĂ©e, mais Ă©galement et surtout, que la potentielle sexualisation de lâart verbal, Ă lâĂ©criture comme Ă la lecture des textes, ne se limite pas Ă un genre spĂ©cifique dâĂ©crits (qui irait du sentimental, au pornographique, en passant par lâĂ©rotique). La sexualisation Ă rĂ©ception, toujours alĂ©atoire, dĂ©pend de la force du style et de la sensibilitĂ© des lecteurs. La thĂ©orie de la rĂ©ception que nous tentons de construire postule quâil nây a ni grand, ni petit art, ni arts majeurs, ni arts mineurs. Lâart est un effet produit par la rencontre entre une oeuvre et un public ; il se manifeste intĂ©gralement en sensations. Lâeffet de lâart atteint son paroxysme lorsquâil se fait pornographique. Cet effet pornographique de lâart, dont nous souhaitons cerner les conditions de dĂ©clenchement et de matĂ©rialisation Ă rĂ©ception, Ă©mane de crĂ©ations littĂ©raires dont le style attire, sĂ©duit, aimante, captive et ravit les lecteurs, en leur offrant une vision de lâhumain dans ce quâil a de plus fragile et fascinant : son intimitĂ© la plus profonde et la plus cachĂ©e, son sexe. Pour apprĂ©hender ce vĂ©cu si intense et si rare quâoffrent certains textes, nous tendrons Ă dĂ©finir lâidĂ©e de style pornographique, au sens de crĂ©ation par le style dâun effet pornographique. Puis, nous nous intĂ©resserons plus largement Ă la portĂ©e et Ă la valeur de ce style, en proposant une typologie des principaux phĂ©nomĂšnes quâil dĂ©clenche Ă rĂ©ception. Enfin, si lâeffet pornographique est lâhorizon vers lequel tout Ă©crit littĂ©raire tend, cet effet ne demeure, cependant, quâun horizon. De ce fait, il conviendra de prĂ©ciser, dans un troisiĂšme temps, les limites et les dangers du pornographique.The main idea of this thesis is not only that literature and sexuality are related, but also that the sexualization of art, during the writing and the reading as well, is not restricted to specific literary genres (sentimental, erotic, or pornographic). The sexualization, always uncertain, is both due to the strength of style and to the readersâ sensitivity. The theory of reception we intend to elaborate is based on the idea that there is neither high art nor low art. Art is an effect caused by the encounter of a work and a public. Art is nothing but sensation. Art can recreate some reality by means of invoking sensations.The effect of art reaches its paroxysm when it becomes pornographic.This pornographic effect is derived from literary texts whose style attracts, seduces, captivates and ravishes readers, by revealing the most deep and the most secret intimacy of humans : their sex. We intend to see where, when and how this effect may happen. First, weâll try to define what we mean by âpornographic styleâ, in other words what in style manages to create a pornographic effect on readers. Then, we'll attempt to bring to light the many phenomena it induced. However, even if the pornographic effect is the main purpose of art, it has to remain an horizon. Therefore, we'll have to consider the limits and risks of all pornography
Conditions nautiques et aménagement portuaires de l'estuaire de la Gironde de 1850 à nos jours : essai de cartographie
La vie maritime a toujours tiré partie des voies naturelles de pénétration que sont les estuaires. Au milieu du XIXÚme siÚcle, Bordeaux port de fond d'estuaire, est situé à l'interface des grandes routes maritimes et des flux commerciaux intérieurs. L'année 1850 marque l'entrée de l'estuaire de la Gironde et du port de Bordeaux dans l'Úre des travaux et des aménagements qui ne cesseront de modifier la morphologie et les potentialités d'accueil de la Gironde. L'homme a ainsi pris en charge la vocation maritime et commerciale du port et par cela en assurer ses activités, son développement et donc son avenir.Laborde Cécile. Conditions nautiques et aménagement portuaires de l'estuaire de la Gironde de 1850 à nos jours : essai de cartographie. In: Travaux du Laboratoire de Géographie Physique Appliquée, n°17, Février 1999 1998. pp. 37-63
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