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Chuch in reconciliation processes : the cases of Chile and South Africa's transitions
A la hora de abordar la relaci贸n entre paz y religi贸n, el acercamiento m谩s convencional ha sido ver a la religi贸n como un obst谩culo a la paz. Sin embargo, la disciplina del religious peacebuilding ha se帽alado que tal mirada es reduccionista y ha abierto el debate sobre c贸mo y cu谩ndo la religi贸n contribuye a la paz o a la guerra. Una de las principales caracter铆sticas del involucramiento de la religi贸n en la construcci贸n de paz ha sido su 茅nfasis en la reconciliaci贸n. Por tanto, esta investigaci贸n se pregunta por cu谩les han sido los efectos de la participaci贸n de la iglesia en el proceso de reconciliaci贸n en las transiciones de Chile (postdictadura) y Sud谩frica (post-Apartheid). Para abordar este problema, se opt贸 por un enfoque cualitativo donde la recolecci贸n de informaci贸n se realiz贸 mediante revisi贸n de literatura y el an谩lisis y la comparaci贸n se desarrollaron mediante an谩lisis tem谩tico. En un primer momento, se analiza la iglesia como actor de construcci贸n de paz a la luz de la literatura del religious peacebuilding; luego, se examina el concepto de la reconciliaci贸n y el discurso eclesial frente a esta; por 煤ltimo, se indaga por los efectos sobre las reconciliaciones de la participaci贸n de la iglesia en las transiciones de Chile y Sud谩frica. Se encuentra que durante los reg铆menes autoritarios el papel de la iglesia fue ambivalente, siendo fuente tanto de apoyo como de resistencia a los reg铆menes. Asimismo, el legado de su actuaci贸n bajo los autoritarismos influir谩 el actuar de la iglesia una vez se instale la democracia. Como efectos principales a las reconciliaciones, se encuentran la contribuci贸n a la coexistencia pac铆fica y a la reconciliaci贸n pol铆tica, el aporte a lidiar con el trauma y la b煤squeda de aportar tambi茅n a cambios estructurales; por otro lado, encuentran efectos problem谩ticos como la legitimaci贸n de los reg铆menes y la amnist铆a y el debilitamiento de fuerzas democr谩ticas que derivan de su desmovilizaci贸n pol铆tica una vez establecida la democracia.When dealing with the relationship between peace and religion, the most conventional approach has been to view religion as an obstacle to peace. However, the discipline of religious peacebuilding has pointed out that such a view is reductionist and has opened the debate on how and when religion contributes to peace or war. One of the main characteristics of religion's involvement in peacebuilding has been its emphasis on reconciliation. Therefore, this research asks about the effects of the Church's participation in the reconciliation processes in the transitions in Chile (post-dictatorship) and South Africa (post-Apartheid). To address this problem, a qualitative approach was chosen where the collection of information was carried out through a literature review and the analysis and comparison were developed through Thematic analysis. Firstly, church is analyzed as a peacebuilding actor in the light of the religious peacebuilding literature; then, the concept of reconciliation and the ecclesial discourse about it are examined; lastly, the effects on the reconciliations of the church's participation in the transitions in Chile and South Africa are addressed. It is found that during authoritarian regimes the role of the church was ambivalent, being a source of both support and resistance to the regimes. Likewise, the legacy of its performance under authoritarianism will influence the actions of the church once democracy is installed. The main effects of church participation over the reconciliation processes include the contribution to peaceful coexistence and political reconciliation, the contribution to dealing with trauma and the search to also contribute to structural changes; on the other hand, problematic effects were found, such as the legitimation of regimes and amnesty and the weakening of democratic forces that derive from political demobilization once democracy is established.InternacionalistaPregrad